Intravenous

into the vein

-administration of substances (fluids) directly into the vein

parental route

bypassing GI system going straight into the bloodstream- directly into the circulatory system

functions of PN

• perform venipuncture, insert peripheral IV'S
• discontinue peripheral IV'S
• administer IV fluids
• administer and maintain TPN,PPN,lipids

MAY NOT ADMINISTER

• antineoplastic agents (cancer drugs)
• blood products
• titrated (adjusting med)
• medications
• IV push medications

peripheral

in the arms

(t/f)

able to administer saline, considered flush not push

true

legal issues with IV therapy

informed consent

-patient HAS the right to refuse

-if patient is unable to consent, legally authorized representative may consent

indications of IV therapy

• fluids and electrolytes
• maintain IV fluids, replacement of fluids and/or electrolytes
• monitor BMP
• medications
• nutrients
• blood products

advantages of IV therapy

• bioavailability is immediate
• absorption into bloodstream is complete and reliable
• large doses can be delivered at a continuous rate
• no "first pass" effect in the liver

disadvantages of IV therapy

• adverse reactions may occur
• increased risk of complications
• phlebitis (inflammation-systemic)
• air embolism(air bubbles block blood vessel)

iv therapy uses veins NOT arteries

(T/F)

true

tunica media

middle layer

-smooth muscle and elastic tissue

tunica intima

innermost layer

-continous with the endocardium

tunica adventicia (externa)

tough outer layer

metacarpal

most common IV site (back of hand)

peripheral

arms, legs, and feet

peripheral veins

upper extremities

cephalic

thumb side

basilic

bottom side of arm

antecubital veins

crack of arm

median cubital

inside of arm

Anything running on an IV line must be on an IV pump

(T/F)

true

types of solution

crystalloids

commonly used for hydration and electrolyte imbalances

ex: dextrose solutions(sugar), lactated ringers, saline solutions and plasmalyte (osmolyte)

types of solutions

colloids

volume expanders. add more volume into vessles

-ex: albumin (blood products)

-can be used to treat low BP or shock

blood and blood products

used to restore blood volume or components of blood.

packed red blood cells

acute blood loss

fresh frozen plasma

replaces coagulation factors

whole blood (when blood is donated)

restores blood volume

transfusion reactions

hemolytic

dangerous, cells Burst

ex: bleeding (urine), chest pain, back pain, chills

trasfusion reactions

febrile

N/V , fever, chills, headache, chest pain

transfusion reactions

anaphylaxis

dangerous

ex:wheezing, stridor, SOB, cyanosis

transfusion reactions

circulatory overload

low SP02 , tachycardia, high BP, dyspnea

ALWAYS stop transfusion immediately after any type of bad/adverse reaction

(T/F)

true

total parental nutrition (TPN)

IV infusion of amino acids , vitamins, electrolytes, and minerals

-must be ran on a pump

peripheral / partial parental nutrition (PPN)

can be given via peripheral IV line

lipids

IV infusion of fat/fatty acids.

increased dextrose level of TPN can lead to increased bacteria growth

-change IV tubing q24 hours

intracellular

fluids inside the cells

extracellular

fluids outside the cells

interstitial

in the tissue

Potassium and magnesium are the only ones inside the cell; the rest are outside (sodium, chloride, calicum, bacrbonate)

(T/F)

true

tonicity

the osmolarity or concentration of an IV solution

-the amount of solute in fluid

example of isotonic

grape stays normal

example of hypotonic

big swollen cell

normal saline

isotonic

no calories

dextrose solutions

dextrose and water / closely monitor diabetic patients (cannot be administered with blood and / or blood products)

high alert intravenous medication:

requires 2 nurse checks - always get administered on pump (never gravity)

-no tritation for LPNS

(t/f)

true

when on IVPB is running the primary infusion willl be stopped- once the IVPB is complete, the continuous medication will restart gravity