Within the liver, bile is produced by ___ and secreted into the bile canaliculi.

hepatocytes

The condition in which the liver becomes infused with fibrous tissue and is unable to repair itself is known as _____

cirrhosis

What is/are the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the U.S.?

alcohol abuse

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

storage of vitamin C

Regarding the regulation of plasma cholesterol, except ___

most of the cholesterol used by the body is derived from the diet

Which of the following statements about liver failure is not correct?

severe hyperglycemia develops

Drug that can cause liver disease.

Statins and acetaminophen

The last stage of liver disease associated with chronic heavy use of alcohol is called

cirrhosis

Lab analysis for liver disease:

alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, prothrombin time

Caring for a male client with cirrhosis. This assessment findings indicate that the client has deficient vitamin K absorption caused by this hepatic disease?

A and C

- purpura & petechiae, unable to produce prothrombin because of Vit K deficiency

Symptoms of a heart attack can include:

All are correct

- dizziness, weakness, arm pain
pressure in the chest, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, weakness
no symptoms at all (silent ischemic)

What happens during ventricular diastole?

both ventricles fill with blood

The medical term for chest pain is

angina

Meaning of infarction is

tissue death

Myocardial infarction is also known as

heart attack

Which of the following conditions is associated with a predictable level of pain that occurs as a result of physical stress or emotional stress?

stable angina

Which coronary artery provides blood to the left atrium and left ventricle?

left circumflex artery

In the U.S. , 1 in every 4 deaths is caused by heart disease

false

A 55-year-old patient who is diagnosed with an evolving myocardial infarction insists on going home. The cardiac-vascular nurse encourages the patient to be admitted because the greatest risk within the first 24 hours of sustaining an MI is

v.fib

Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, poor diet, sedentary, lifestyle, and stress

true

Which of the following confirmed values meet the diagnostic threshold for diabetes?

fasting blood glucose >/= 126 mg/dl

Insulin deficiency is associated with

increased ketogenesis

The test for checking mean plasma glucose concentration over the previous 8-10 weeks is

hemoglobin A1c

What is the first-line drug for patients with type 2 diabetes?

metformin

Type 1 diabetes is a primary failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin. It primarily affects children and young adults and is unrelated to diet

true

Two of the main types of diabetes (type 1 and 2). How many people with diabetes have type 2?

more than 90%

Type 1 diabetes is primarily treated with

insulin

Blood sugar is well controlled when Hemoglobin A1c is

below 7%

The risk factors for type 1 diabetes include all of the following except

diet

Which statement about diabetes is false?

the U.S. prevalence of diabetes is decreasing

An early finding in the EKG of a client with an infarcted myocardium would be?

elevated ST segments

Which of the following physiologic conditions is usually present immediately before a heart attack?

the blood supply to an area of the heart is usually cut off

Which of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction?

chest pain

A patient is admitted with chest pain to the ER. The patient has been in the ER for 5 hours and is being admitted to your unit for overnight observation. From the options below, what is the most important information to know about this patient at this time?

Troponin result and when the next troponin level is to be collected