Define Cultivated Forage 1

Plants are are seeded and grown using agricultral practices such as tilage, irrigation, and fertilization to produce herbage for consuption that can be grazed or packaged to be sold aas hay or silage to domesticated animals

Define Cultivated Forage 2

Edible parts of plants other than separated grain that can bee used as feed for animals or can be harvested for feeding livestock

Define Cultivated Forage 3

Forage specifically cultivated for feeding livestock

Why is Cultivated forage important

It is used to use other edible parts of plants to feed livestock that otherwise wouldn't be used

Define annual plants

Plants that complete their lifecycle in one year

Define biannual plants

Plants that compelte their lifecycle in two years

Define perinneal plants

Plants that survive from year to year with receding

What is considered herbage

Edible parts of the plant; leaves, stems, root, and seed (of non woody species)

herbaceous material of non woody species

What are the different types of forage

Hay

Silage

Haylage

Greenchop

Define Hay

Dried form of forage produced by harvesting fresh herbage, field drying to moisture levels that precent microbial growht and sspoilage and packaging it in the form of lose starys or bales in varous sizes

Define Silage

Forage that is put in an anaerobic environment and moisture together to allow it to ferment

Define Haylage

Drier form of silage used to preserve forage plants such as alfalfa and perinneal grasses that are often difficult to ensule using high moisture technques

Define Green chop

Forage that is harvested, chopped, and feed directl to livestock on a daily basis

What is the general classification of grasses and grass like plants

Monocots

What is the general classifiction of broad leaf plants like legumes

Dicots

What are the main distinguishing characteristics of grasses and grass like plants

Narrow leaves, parallel veins, inconspicuous flowers

Whar are the main distinguishing characteristics of legumes

Net veins and showy flowers

What is the unique ability associated with legumes

Ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere

Contrast the difference between C3 and C4 plants

C3 plants grow at colder temperatures

The optimum temperature for C3 plants is from 60-85 degrees; specifically 75 F

The optimum temperature for C4 plants is 86-104 F; specifically 90 F

C3 has lower water efficiency and is less drought tolerant

What is a winter annual

Planted in the fall, in a vegeative state in winter, completes lifecycle in early summer

What is a summer annual

Planted in the spring, completes lifecycle by mid summer or early fall

What is the life span of a short lived perennial

3-5 years

What is the life span of a moderate lived perennial

5-10 year

Wht is the lfie span of a long lived pernennial

10+ years

Draw a tupicalcool season and warm seaosn plant growth curve

Two rectangular boxes

C3 has two curves

C4 has one curve

What is pH a measure of

Measure of how acidic and basic soil is

Why is pH important

Sets the stage for proper root function and microbial activity when at an ideal level for forage to grow

What is the ideal soil, what proportion of air, water, and minderla particle is ideal

25% air, 25% water, 50% minerals and particles

What is the optimum pH range for growth of most plants

6-7.5

Where does most soil organic matter come from

Decaying vegetation

Hummus is the fairy stable end product of organic matter decomposition

True

Being low in sodium is a characteristic of calcerous and saline soils

True

As the leaf to stem ratio continues to decline, forage quality increases

false

Most pereniial grasses undergo three reproductive cycles a year

false

pH, organic matter contnet (nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, solubkle salts, micronutrients, boron, zinc, irron, soil texture) are the important factor sot look for on a soil test report

TrueBe

ing nonstructural vs structural is the main difference between cell contents and cell constituents

truw

______ is the main factor driving the timing for growth of C4 plants

Temperature

The _____ bud is the growing point found on a legume plant

Terminal

When removed, the _____ bud is whre new growth of the legume originates

Axillary

The ____ is the growing point found on a grass

Terminal meristem

When the gtowing point is damaged on the grass plant, the ____ is where new growth originated

Axillary bud

Simple carbohydrates are important because they are the basic ____ for other more complex carbohydrates

Building blocks

______ is an example of a monosaccharide. _____ is an example of a disassacharide

Glucose

sucrose

Polysacchardies are important because they serve as _____

an energy reserve

_____ is a storage oran where polysaccharides accumulate

roots

____ and ____ are the two types of structural carbohydrates

Cellulose and hemicellulose

Cellulose is made of polymers of

Glucose

The relative digestibility of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin are 20-80% for hemicellulose, 50-90% for cellulose, and 0% for lignin

True

Using the soil triangle, which soil texture is comprised of 50% silt, 30% sand, 20% clay

Silt lomb

How does lignin differ from hemicellulose and cellulose

It is not a carbohydrate

What is sustainability

The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations