Shaping

Not asking many questions during the first few sessions and introducing graphs and data slowly over time during the psychotropic drug review is an example of using this strategy to develop a relationship with a prescriber.

Placebo effect

Effect is demonstrated when behavior changes in the direction of the drug effect during the condition when there is no active ingredient.

Nocebo effect

has to do with side effects.

Alternating Treatment Design

Can only be used with fast acting drugs with a short half-life.

Informed consent

The participant is informed about the drug effects, side effects and that they have the right to withdraw from the drug evaluation at any time.

Capacity to give consent

Ensures the client understands the risks associated with the medication and can communicate a decision.

parametric analysis of drug dosages.

Ascending, descending, and irregular order are all options when completing a

ASCENDING ORDER

is most commonly used to reduce the risk of side effects, possible toxicity, and ensuring the individual is prescribed the lowest possible dose for a therapeutic effect.

collect data on medications given for behavioral reasons.

The BCBA NOT can only

Not all prescribers

take Medicaid

take clients with disabilities

take clients with a history of behavior problems

Limitations when selecting a psychiatrist or prescriber

Where did they go to school?

What kind of volume of patients do they have?

Where did they get their training?

Have they published any papers?

Questions we can ask prescribers to learn more about their experience

ONE variable/s at a time.

For a component or parametric analysis to be effective, it is recommended that you change

cerebral palsy

Facilitated Communication Procedure designed for people with

a keyboard, typewriter, or letter arrangements that a person can use to type out their responses.

Facilitated Communication Procedure designed for people with cerebral palsy that involves

People who needed assistance

Who were assigned facilitators who helped them type out their messages.

Where did they go to school?

What kind of volume of patients do they have?

Where did they get their training?

Have they published any papers?

Questions we can ask prescribers to learn more about their experience

Capacity to give consent

Ensures the client understands the risks associated with the medication and can communicate a decision.

During the blindfold condition, there were no legible messages typed when the facilitators were blindfolded.

In the unshared knowledge condition, the typed messages were always what the therapist saw on their card.

Outcomes of the single-subject research on facilitated communication

Association for Behavior Analysis ABA

American Academy of Pediatrics

American Speech Language Hearing Association

Association for Science in Autism Treatment

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Organizations against facilitated communication as an effective form of communication.

Pairing

Shaping

Reinforcement

Use to build a professional relationship with a prescriber

were assigned facilitators who helped them type out their messages.

People who needed assistance

Not all prescribers take Medicaid

Not all prescribers take clients with disabilities

Not all prescribers take clients with a history of behavior problems

Limitations when selecting a psychiatrist or prescriber

Where did they go to school?

What kind of volume of patients do they have?

Where did they get their training?

Have they published any papers?

Questions we can ask prescribers to learn more about their experience

Prescriber is not familiar with single subject designs

Prescriber has regulations they have to follow that doesn't include random sequences or drug holidays

Prescriber is not interested in conducting an experimental test evaluation

Reasons a prescriber may not want to design an experimental test evaluation

Shaping

Not asking many questions during the first few sessions and introducing graphs and data slowly over time during the psychotropic drug review is an example of using this strategy to develop a relationship with a prescriber.

Attend appropriate medication trainings/workshops

Stay up to date with reputable literature on new developments with current medications

Stay up to date with the development of new medications that come on the market

In addition, from your prescriber - additional strategies for staying current on medications

Get to know them by interacting with them

Very slowly introduce graphs and be sensitive to their reaction to the graphs

Ask questions about topics that they are an expert in i.e. side effects, half-life etc.

Recommended strategies for interacting with your prescriber during the first few sessions

Informed consent

Informs the client about the drug effects and the risk/benefit ratio.

Pairing

Exchanging pleasantries and being positive and nice during the psychotropic drug review is an example of using this strategy to develop a relationship with a prescriber.

Shaping

Not asking many questions during the first few sessions and introducing graphs and data slowly over time during the psychotropic drug review is an example of using this strategy to develop a relationship with a prescriber.

Obtain informed consent

Cooperate with the prescriber

Identify salient behavior targets

Identify sensitive measures of the independent variable

Create a medication protocol

Identify test conditions

Design experimental test evaluation (and consider utilizing drug holidays)

Dr. Blakely's ideal medication evaluation process

Multiple Baseline Design

Only multiple baseline across settings and individuals are options and multiple baseline across settings would require a drug with a short half life.

Informed consent

Informs the client about the drug effects and the risk/benefit ratio.

Informed consent

The participant is informed about the drug effects, side effects and that they have the right to withdraw from the drug evaluation at any time.

Capacity to give consent

Ensures the client understands the risks associated with the medication and can communicate a decision.

Voluntarily gives consent

Ensures consent is not engineered through aversive control or the promise of strong reinforcers.

collect data on medications given for behavioral reasons.

The BCBA NOT can only can

Collect data

Maintain graphs of data

Interface with the prescriber

*Roles of the BCBA when coordinating with medical personnel

medication alone is less effective than medication in concert with behavior analysis services.

It is TRUE that Many studies demonstrate that

Informed consent

The participant is informed about the drug effects, side effects and that they have the right to withdraw from the drug evaluation at any time.

If the drug has severe withdrawal effects

If the drug is prescribed for dangerous or severe behavior

If the client isn't monitored regularly by staff/caregive

A drug holiday is not recommended

Baseline

Placebo

Drug

Conditions that can be included in an experimental design for a drug evaluation

Pairing

Exchanging pleasantries and being positive and nice during the psychotropic drug review is an example of using this strategy to develop a relationship with a prescriber.

Capacity to give consent

Ensures the client understands the risks associated with the medication and can communicate a decision.

Physician's Desk Reference (PDR)

Drug manufacturer website

Prescriber

Resources for getting information about the side effects of a specific drug apply.

Voluntarily gives consent

Ensures consent is not engineered through aversive control or the promise of strong reinforcers.

Pairing

Exchanging pleasantries and being positive and nice during the psychotropic drug review is an example of using this strategy to develop a relationship with a prescriber.

Attend appropriate medication trainings/workshops

Stay up to date with reputable literature on new developments with current medications

Stay up to date with the development of new medications that come on the market

In addition, from your prescriber - additional strategies for staying current on medications

were assigned facilitators who helped them type out their messages.

People who needed assistance

Single-subject designs

CAN Be used to evaluate treatments.

Parameter of IV

Parameter of IV – Parametric Analysis

It is recommended that you change one variable/s at a time in

BOTH Behavior and medication

Single-subject designs can be used to evaluate treatments and Evaluation of multiple treatments is most effective with Single

Single-subject designs.

The efficacy of a drug is more in Alternating Treatment Design NOT in ALL

Alternating Treatment Design NOT in ALL

Alternating Treatment design can only be used with

fast acting drugs with a short half-life.

The biggest negative effect of the drug holiday is

the Loss of positive therapeutic effect

The BCBA can only collect data on medications given for behavioral reasons?

Behavioral and non-Behavioral reasons

Component analysis helps identify whether a treatment component is

effective

Scientific research its true side effect its true side effect. Then can enhance a drug clinic Vale Limit a... O algo así

Scientific research helps determine true side effects, which can improve safe and effective clinical use.

Enhance the drug’s clinical use (maximize benefits, minimize risks).

Limit harmful effects by adjusting dosage, monitoring patients, or providing warnings.

Gradual, stepwise dosage adjustments reduce_______

while maximizing_______

side effects and toxicity while maximizing therapeutic benefit.

Compares the effectiveness of various combinations of a set of interventions

Component analysis