what structures are in the diencephalon (forebrain)?

limbin system, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex

what structures are in the midbrain?

superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, auditory fibers, tegmentum

what structures are in the hindbrain?

medulla, cerebellum, pons

Broca's Area

-located in left frontal lobe

-controls facial neurons

-controls speech production

-understanding language

Damage to front of parietal lobe

causes one side numbness and impairs sensation on the opposite side of the body. Difficulty recognizing sensation location and type

Damage to middle part of parietal lobe

right-left disorientation, have problems with calculations and writing, decreased propioception

Damage to right parietal lobe

unable to do skilled tasks (apraxia), trouble relating objects to each other in space

Wernicke's Area

comprehension of speech

Damage to both sides of occipital lobe

unable to see although eyes are functioning normally (cortical blindness).

Damage to back of occipital lobe

difficulty recognizing familiar objects and faces ( Anton syndrome)

Limbic System contains which structures?

Amygdala - controls mood states

Hippocampus - memory, turns short term to long term. (Alzheimer's disease)

Pons function

relay station between cerebrum and cerebellum, produces chemicals for sleep

Medulla oblongata functions

controls unconscious + vital functions like breathing, heart rate, blood flow, reflexes

Reticular formation function

maintains consciousness, attention, and Reticular Activating System (controls all cyclic functions i.e. respiration, circadian rhythm)

Basal Ganglia function

control of muscle tone, activity, posture, large muscle movements

Substatia Nigra

produces dopamine, connected to basal ganglia

EEG (electroencaphalogram)

Detects brain waves through electrical output

MRI

detailed picture of brain using magnetic field

detailed view of soft issues in spine or brain

PET (positron emission tomography)

helps reveal how issues and organs are functioning, uses radioactive drug to show activity

Functional MRI

combination of PET and MRI

What is the general name that describes the pons, medulla and midbrain?

the brainstem

The primary cortex for which sense is found in the temporal lobe?

Audition

Which lobe is primarily responsible for somatosensation?

parietal lobe

Which lobe contains the primary visual cortex?

the occipital lobe

This neurotransmitter GABA would you expect to find in the synapse during inhibitory synaptic transmission?

True

Which of the following describes the organization of the cerebrum?

One frontal lobe, one occipital lobe, two temporal lobes, two parietal lobes

Which of the following is not a part of a neuron?

pons

A person with an injury to her frontal lobe may have difficulty:

reasoning and making decisions

Which of the following structures does NOT belong to the limbic system?

Occipital lobe.

Structures that do: hippocampus, hyptothalamus, amygdala

Function of the limbic system

Controls emotion

It means the lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society, not having enough to feed and clothe and provide shelter to a family.

Poverty

Physical environment, a factor that contributes to one's health, includes safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities, and roads.

True

People who are poor are less likely to get a better education, and less education and literacy will further tie them to poverty.

True

A significant goal of health promotion and disease prevention is to promote greater health equity by identifying and addressing key social determinants of health. Which of the following sets of influences are categorized as social determinants that can result in disparities and impact the health and safety of U.S. U S populations? MOST IMPORTANT.

early childhood education, discrimination, income level, food security

-Access to neighborhood sidewalks is an example of which of the following health determinants?

Physical determinants

Which of the following factors is a behavioral determinant of health?

Diet

Which of these things is health psychology concerned with?

What causes illness?

Who is responsible for illness?

How should illness be treated?
(all of the above)

Which of the following statements is consistent with application of social justice theory to the health profession?

All patients should be offered equal services within equal health care systems.

Which is NOT an example of a social determinant of health?

Black populations have higher rates of sickle cell anemia. (genetic)

Which is an example of a social determinant of health?

Hispanic populations have lower quality of care measures for HIV care.

Poor urban communities have less access to grocery stores with healthy food.

Subspecialty care providers are more commonly located in or near major urban centers.

(all of the above)

How do rates of screening in the uninsured population compare to the insured population?

Rates of mammography, colonoscopy, and Pap smears are lower in the uninsured population.

Which of the following represents a natural family?

Mother, father, and their biological children

A extended family may include all of the following members EXCEPT:

All of the options may be included in an extended family.

(aunts, cousins, great-grandparents).

Ashley and her husband just had their first child. Ashley was married previously, and her two children from that marriage also live with Ashley and her current husband. Which type of family is this?

Blended family

Which of these is an important aspect of development?

What abilities do children develop?

How do children develop?

When do children develop an ability?

All of the above are important aspects of development.

According to Piagetian theory, cognitive development is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT:

Weight of the children

influenced by: perception, reasoning, language

According to Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development, the stage in which a child needs to learn important academic skills also feels the need to win approval by demonstrating specific skills competence is the ____ stage.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Carl smokes, drinks alcohol, overeats, and bites his nails. Which stage of Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development has Carl become fixated at?

Oral stage

How many people report child abuse when faced with an actual situation?

1/3

which of the following actions can help stop child abuse and neglect?

Helping a stressed-out parent by baby-sitting, making a meal for their family, or lending an understanding of family problems.

Learning the signs and symptoms of child abuse so you can recognize them when you see the “red flags.”

Reporting known or suspected child abuse to the police or local child protective services agency.

(all of the above)

Families today are changing. There are more single-parent families and more grandparents caring for children. Which of the following guidelines were suggested to help early childhood professionals effectively involve all parents and families?

Make home visits.

Help families overcome their cultural communications preferences and learn to communicate with the method preferred by the school.

Learn how families rear children and manage their families.

(All of the above.)

As opposed to primary sexual characteristics, changes in secondary sexual characteristics are mostly evident in changes in

external appearance

If an adolescent was exposed to an external stimulus that artificially raised the level of sex hormones in the body, how would the hypothalamus likely respond?

By altering the instructions it sends to the gonads

When an adolescent's facial hair starts growing, or acne develops, or breasts start to grow, or the genitals start to change, which organ in the body are these changes directly caused by?

the ovaries or testicles

Lutenizing hormone-releasing factor and follicle-stimulating, hormone-releasing factor are secreted by

the hypothalamus

Which are, in general, the earliest changes that occur during pubertal growth?

breast buds in females; growth of testes in males

The period between puberty and adulthood in human development that typically falls between the ages of 13 and 19 is:

adolescence

Examples of choices that can have long-term consequences, EXCEPT

Body piercings (Professional)

Examples of choices that can have long-term consequences

Sex

Drugs & alcohol

trouble with the law

Who matures faster?

Girls

What of the next risk taking elements in adolescence we need to be worried about, according to statistics?

Suicidal thoughts

A social change that happens in puberty ,except.

growth of pubic hair

Elements consider in studying elderly people.

Physical

Social

Psychological

(all of the above)

Physical changes in elderly, except.

Stereotype (ageism)

Physical changes in elderly,

Red bone marrow function decrease

Skin develop more fragile, transparent.

Valves of the heart becomes stiffer.

Which of the following is a risk factor for falls in the elderly?

Visual impairment

Examples in how elderly declines in Sensory-Perceptual Processes with Age, EXCEPT.

Weakness of the low esophageal sphincter.

Examples in how elderly declines in Sensory-Perceptual Processes with Age

Presbyopia

Taste and smell reduce

Proprioception is reduced.

Most prevalent chronic condition in Elderly people.

Oseteoarthritis

Which of the following statements regarding Dementia is not true

Dementia is a normal part of aging and it is not possible for persons with dementia to continue to engage and contribute within society and have a good quality of life.

Which of the following are classic changes in brain tissue that are associated with Alzheimer's disease?

Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques

Treatments for Alzheimer.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ARICEPT ( donezepil)

NMDA-receptor Antagonists NAMENDA ( memantine)

Cognitive stimulation.

(All of above)

Identity theft commonly occurs in which of the following ways for elderly people

by stealing wallets.

stealing mail.

completing and filing a change of address card to divert mail.

(All of the above.)

What is the most common form of elder abuse?

D. Neglect