Irony

the opposite of what is expected occurs

Dramatic Irony

when the audience knows something the characters don't, creating tension, suspense, or humor

Situational Irony:

when the outcome of a situation is contrary to what was intended or desired

Verbal Irony

: a person says one thing but means another

Satire

uses exaggeration, humor, irony, or ridicule to highlight the flaws and absurdities of people and society

First Person Point of View

the narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view

Third Person Limited:

the story is presented from a single character’s perspective

Third Person Omniscient:

an all-knowing narrator reveals the thoughts, feelings, & actions of any character in the story

Theme

the main message or lesson about life that the author wants readers to understand

Motif

a repeated image, word, idea, or action in a story that helps show or support the theme; something that keeps showing up to remind readers of an important message or idea.

Symbol

is something—a person, object, color, or event—that stands for a bigger idea or meaning in a story

Allegory

a story in which the characters, events, and settings all stand for bigger ideas or messages

Abstract

something that you can’t see or touch but can think about or feel—like love, hope, or fear