Atria

The upper chambers which receives which receives blood into heart

Ventricles

which are the lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart.

interatial septum

separates the two atria

interventricular septum

separates the two ventricles

right heart

All structures that carry unoxygenated blood are blue

left heart

carry oxygenated blood are colored blue

Right atrium

receives unoxygenated blood from superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

superior vena cava

collects blood from the upper head and upper body region

inferior vena cava

receives blood from the lower parts of the body

The right ventricle

Receives oxygenated blood from the right atrium

The left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs to the pulmonary veins

Whats the primary function of the right ventricle

To pump blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. It receives unoxygenated blood from the right atrium.

People with chronic high blood pressure

generally develops left ventricular hypertrophy

What happens when the ventricle is forced to over work

It will eventually enlarge a condition called ventricular hypertrophy

why is the left ventricular myocardium thicker then the right myocardium

Difference is the result is the result of the greater amount of force required of force required to pump blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta

why is thickness of the myocardial important

The thick muscle is needed to create enough force to pump blood .

HOw does blood leave the left ventricle

blood leaves through the aorta , the largest artery of the body

Left ventricle

receives oxygenated blood from the left the primary function of the left ventricle is to pump blood into the systemic circulation

Left atrium

Receives oxygenated oxygenated blood from the lungs through 4 pulmonary veins

semilunar valves which are known for the cusp because they resemble half moon

They control the outflow of blood from the right and left ventricles and are therefore exit valves

Av valves

allow blood to enter the ventricles

In the heart blood flows where

blood flows from the atria through the av valves into the ventricles

Two valves are called

atrioventricular valves which are located between the atria and the ventricles

What are the purpose of the heart valves

To keep the heart valves flowing in one direction

How many valves the heart have?

The heart has four valves

the lower ventricles

Are the pumping chambers

The upper atria is what

They are the receiving chambers

What are the large vessels called attached to the heart

The great vessels which includes superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary trunk,four pulmonary veins and aorta.

pulmonary artery hypertension

developes right ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure

What happens if the blood pressure not lowered what will happen

The left ventricle will eventually weaken and fail as a pump

what is the sa node called

the pacemaker

when is the coronary blood flow the greatest

during relaxation

pulmonary circulation summarized

The oxygenated blood flows through the four pulmonary veins from the lungs into the left atrium.From the left atrium , the bloods flows through the biscuspid valve into the left ventricle , left ventricular contraction forces blood throught the aortic valve into the aorta for distrubution to systemic circulation.The path way of blood flows through the heart.

where do the coronary arteries arise from

The base of the ascending aorta

The blood that nourishes and oxygenate the myocardium

Is provided by the coronary Arteries

abnormal heart sounds

They are called murmurs

What if the valve become leaky in the aorta valve

It will damage the heart

stenotic valve

make it difficult for a heart chamber to force blood through the stenosed valve their by increasing work of the pumping chamber it can cause heart failure and hypertrophy

when valves are narrow

Its called stenosis

semi luna valves

open and close due to pressure

The aortic valve

opens nd flows into aortic valve snaps closed and prevents back flow from the aorta to the ventricle

When the right ventricle contracts

blood from the ventricles forces pulmonary valve open then flows to the pulmonary trunk which is the large vessel that carries blood from the right ventricle to the right and left pulmonary arteries

when the right ventricle relaxes

the pulmonic valve is closed

what are the two exit sv valves

pulmonic and aortic sv

When the left ventricle contracts

the mitral valve closes and prevents the flow of blood from the left ventricle back into the left atrium

what happens when the mitrial valve is open

blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle

What is the left av valve called

The biscuspid valve since it has two cuffs and its also called the mitral valve because it resembles a bishop mitre hat

When the right ventricle contracts

the tricuspid valve will close and prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium

If the tricuspid valve is open

Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle

The right av valve

Is called the tricuspid valve because it has three cusp

chordae attendee attached to papillary muscles in ventricular muscles

As blood pushes the cusp ino closed position , the papillary muscles contract, pulling on the chordae tendineae

chordae tendineae

fiborous band of tissue

closed av valves do what ?

They prevent backward flow of blood from the ventricles to the atria

When the ventricles contract, the heart muscles

compresses or squeezes the muscles in the ventricles then the blood pushes the cusp upward towards the atria in a closed position

What closes av valves

Presssure!!!

What do the semilunar valves do

They control the outflow of blood from the right ventricle and left ventricles which therefore are exit valves

when the ventricles are relaxed

the cusps hang loosely within ventricles in this position , the valves are open and permit blood flow from atria to ventricles