Skeletal system consist of what?

bones, joints, cartilage, and ligaments

Skeletal system consist of how many bones

206

Functions of Skeletal system

support and protect the soft body organ

enables the body to move around about

store a number of minerals

red bone narrows produces red blood cells

Long Bones

longer than they are wide. found in arms and legs

Flat bones

thin, flat curved. from ribs, breastbone and skull

Irregular bones

differently shaped not classified as long, short or flat. Includes hip bones and bones in skull

Short bones

shaped like cubes and found primarily in wrists and ankles

Osseous Tissue

another for bone

Osteocytes (bone cells) contain?

calcium and minerals and secrete intercellular matrix

What 2 type of bone are there?

Compact bone and Spongy bone

Compact bone

dense hard, found in shafts long bones

Spongy bones

called the cancellous bone, less dense. found at the ends of long bones

Osten or haverison system

microscopie unit of compact bone

What does each haverison system consist of?

mature osteocytes

What does compact bone protein fibers provide?

elasticity

What do minerals make?

bone tissue hard and strong

Where do blood vessels run?

laterally to the haverison system, ensures blood supply to tissue

What is long bone made up of?

an arrangement of compact and spongy tissues, accounts for its strength

Diaphysis

long shaft of the bone

Epihysis

enlarged ends of long bone. covered with cartilage

Medullar Cavity is what?

the hollow center of the diaphysis, inside connective tissue called endosteum

Periostum

tough fibrous outside the diaphysis, protects the bone

Articular Cartliage

found on the outer surface of the epihysis, smooth and shinny surface

Ossification

the formation of bone

What is fetal skeleton composed of?

largely of cartilage

What happens as baby matures?

osteoblats invade the cartilage and gradually replace it with bone

What 2 types of bone growth?

Longitudinally and Thicker and wider

Longitundially

determines the height

Thicker and Wider

support weight

Where do longitudinally bones grow?

at the epiphyseal disc

Growth hormone stimulates when?

growth at disc making child taller

What do sex hormones and testrone cause?

epihyseal disc to fuse

Bone resorption

widens the bone moves calcium plays a role in blood calcium levels

Condyte

large rounded knob

Head

an enlarged and rounded end of bone

Trochantor

large(tuberosity) found only in femur

Meatus

a tunnel or tube like passageway

Sinus

a cavity or hollow space

Skeletal system 2 sections

Axial and Appedicuar

Frontal Bone

forms the forehead and upper body part of eye

Partieal bone

form the upper sides of head and roof cranial

Occiptical bone

located at that base of the skull

Ethmoid bone

irregularly shaped bone between the eye

Mandible

lower jaw bone, carries the lower teeth

Temporomandidular joint (TMJ)

depression in front of the ear

Maxilla

carries the upper teeth

Sinuses

air filled cavities located in several bones of the skull. lessen weight and increase sound

Paranasal 4 sinuses

Frontal

Ethmoid

Sphenodial

Maxillary

Hyoid Bone

U shaped bone in upper neck

Verterbal Column is called what?

backbones from skull to pelvis

Verterbal Coloumn consists of?

26 bones called vertabrae

4 major functions of verterbal coloumn

forms supporting for head and throat

forms attachment pelvic gridle

encases and protects spinal cavity

provides flexibility

C7 Vetebra prominens

feels like a large bump on back of neck

The sacrum forms?

the posterior wall of pelvis

The tailbone is called?

coccyx

Atlas supports?

the skull and allows you to nod "yes"

Axis(2)

tooth-like projection called the dens, allows you to rotate your head to say "no"

Vertebral Colum

also known as the spine

Vertebral Foramen

opening for the spinal cord

Cervical and Lumbar curvatures bend?

towards front of body

Thoraic and Sarcal curvatures bend?

away from of body

Thoraic Cage

is the bony, cone-shaped cage. Plays a crucial role in breathing

What is Phalanges 14 finger bones called?

Digits

Pelvic gridle composed of?

2 coxal bones with sacrum posteritory

3 functions of pelvic griddle

bears body weight

place of attachment for legs

protects organs in pelvic cavity

Coxal bone

hip bone

3 parts of coxal bone

ilium, ischium, pubis

Illium

largest part of the coxal bone, can be felt at hip

Ischial tubersoity

is part of the coxal bone on which you sit on

The obtutrator

is the largest foearm in the body

Femur

is the longest and strongest bone in body

Great toe is called

the hallux

Thoraic Cage is composed of?

Sternum

Ribs

Thoraic Vertebrae

Sternum is called and located where?

breastbone and located along midline to anterior chest

Sternum 3 parts?

Manubrium

Body

Xiphiod process

False ribs is where?

the lower 5 pair of ribs to the sternum

Floating ribs located?

bottom 2 pair of false ribs

Where are intercostal muscles located?

between the ribs

Glenoid Cavity

located on the scapula allows you to rotate shoulder

Ulna

second bone of the forearm

3 types of muscle

Skeletal

Smooh

Cardiac

Skeletal Muscles

are long, shaped like cylinders or tubes

Functions of Skeletal muscles

produce movement

maintain body psoture

stabilize joints

Where is smooth muscle?

generally found in the walls of visceria

Where is cardiac muscle?

found only in heart

Cardiac muscles function?

pumps blood throughout the body

Fascia

layers of tough connective tissue surround large skeletal muscle

Tendon

strong cordlike structure extends toward and attaches to bone

What does ATP and calcium play an important role in?

the contraction and relaxation of muscles

Single muscles fibers

contracts in all or nothing response

What is sustained muscle contraction called?

Tetanus

Tonus

the normal continuous state of partial muscle contraction

Primer Mover "Chief Muscle"

a single muscle that is generally responsible for most movement

Synergits "Helper Muscle"

works with other muscles

Hypertrophy

overuse of a muscle, muscle increase in size

Chewing muscles are called?

Mastication

Trapezius

origin is at the base of the occipital bone in skull to spine

Muscles of the trunk functions?

involved in breathing

form the abdominal wall

move the vertabal column

form the pelvic region

Intercostal muscles

located between the ribs, responsible for lowering and raising rib cage

Diaphragm

dome shaped muscle that separates the thorastic cavity, chief muscle of inhalation

Pectoralis Major

Large broad muscle form anterior chest wall, conducts the hemurus with the clavlice

What makes up rotator cuff 4 muscles?

Sub scapularis

Subraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

What does the rotator cuff muscles help to rotate?

the arm at the shoulder joint

Triceps brachii

muscles that move the lower arm

Boxer msucles

muscles that packs the greatest punch for a boxer

Biceps Brachii

is the muscle that is most visible when someone is asked "make a muscle"

how many muscles move the hands and finger?

More than 20

Where is the adductor muscles located?

on the inner surface on the thigh

What is the most powerful muscle in the body?

Quadraceps Femoris

Where is Vastas laterakis used as?

an IM injection site

Popliteal fossa

where the tendons form a pit behind the knee

What major muscles are on the posterior of leg?

Gastrocremius and Soleus