Cartilage

A type of dense connective tissue, elastic but strong.

Chondral means:

pertaining to cartilage.

Muscle

composed of cells or fibers, contract and allow movement.

cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

Fascia, a term used for:

fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles.

Tendons:

bands of strong fibrous tissue. Connects muscles to bone.

ten/o , tend/o

tendon

Articulation/joint

place of union between two or more bones.

Articular means:

pertaining to a joint.

Synovial Joints:

joints that have cavities between articulating bones.

ex. elbow, knee, ankle, shoulder, and hip bones

Bursae

sacs of fluid located in areas of friction

4 kinds of joint movement:

Extension, flexion, rotation, and circumduction.

Extension

straightens a limb

Flexion

bends a limb

Rotation

movement of bone around its own axis.

Circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end.

Ligaments

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone or cartilage.

Myasthenia gravis

Fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses.

Dislocation

displacement of a bone from a joint

Fracture

breaking of bone

simple fracture

A bone does not puncture skin

compound fracture

bone has punctured skin

Sprain

injury to a joint that causes pain and disability.

Strain

Excessive use of a part of the body to the point of injury.

Myocele

Fascial hernia. A condition in which a muscle protrudes through its fascial covering

Tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon.

Herniated disc

If the disks between the vertebrae become diseased, they sometimes rupture, which can then press on the spinal cord and cause pain.

paraplegia

paralysis of the lower portion of the body and legs. Caused by injury in the lumbar region.

Quadriplegia, tetraplegia

paralysis of the arms and legs

Paresis

motor weakness/ partial paralysis.

Cellulitis

spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues

Osteitis

is inflammation of a bone and may be caused by infection, degeneration, or trauma

Osteochondritis

is inflammation of bone and cartilage and tends to attack the bone-forming (ossification) centers of the skeleton.

Myelitis

inflammation of either the spinal cord or the bone marrow

osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and the bone marrow.

Myel encephalitis

means inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

Metabolic disorders

loss of homeostasis in the body

Osteoporosis

metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures,

Osteitis deformans (Paget disease)

a skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation. This results in the thickening and softening of bones and in the bowing of the long bones.

Osteomalacia

a reversible skeletal disorder characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone.

most common cause is a deficiency of vit. D

Muscular dystrophy

a group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy (wasting) of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, and progressive disability and loss of strength.
dys- = bad

craniocele

hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull.

Arthritis

any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement.

Osteoarthritis

DJD, a form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage

Rheumatoid arthritis

2nd most comm. It is a chronic, systemic (pertaining to the whole body) disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet

Reduction

pulling the broken fragments into alignment.

closed reduction

manipulation without surgery

arthroplasty.

. Any surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint