What is the branch of science that studies how the body function.

physiology

Which word comes from the greek meaning dissect.

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

the branch of science that describes that describes the consequences of the improper functioning of the body parts

Homeostasis

The body ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing external environment

anterior or ventral

Towards the front surface

ex heart is anterior towards the spine

posterior

towards the back

lateral

away from the midline

medial

towards the midline

proximal

structure is nearer the point of attachment, usually the trunk of the body

ex elbow is proximal to the wrist

distal

part is father away from the point of attachment than is another part

ex wrist is distal to elbow

peripheral

away from the center of the body

ex blood vessels-are located peripherally

sagittal plane

divides the body lengthwise into equal right and left portions

frontal plane

divides the body into anterior (ventral ) and posterior dorsal portions .

what is also called the coronal plane

the frontal plane

transverse plane

Divides the body horizontally, creating upper and lower body

abdominal

anterior trunk just below the ribs

antecubital

anterior trunk below the ribs

brachial

arm

flank

fleshy area along side between the lower ribs and the top of the hip bones

inguinal

area where the hips meet the trunk of the body

patellar

front of the knee

caudal

nearer to the lower region of the spinal column (tailbone)

popliteal

behind the back of knee

what are the two major cavitys

dorsal and ventral

what are the two divisions of the dorsal cavity

cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

where is the ventral cavity at

towards the front of the body

what are the two divisions of ventral cavity

thoracic cavity

abdomino pelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity

located above the diaphragm

surrounded by the rib cage

whats divided into two compartments in the ventral cavity

mediastinum space that contains the heart trachea thymus gland and large blood vessel attached to the heart

pleural cavity

matter

anything that occupy space

chemical change

when the chemical composition of matter is changed

protons

carry a positive charge

electrons carry

a negative charge

neutrons

carry no electrical charge

ions

elements that carry an electrical charge

cation

positively charge

anions

negatively charge

if ph is below 7.35

patient is said to be acidotic

when ph is above 7.45

patient is alkalotic

what regulates the blood ph

buffers, kidneys and lungs

cellmembrane

encases the cel

chief function selection of substances allowed to enter or leave the cell

semipermeable

ability of the cell membrane to choose substances allowed to cross it

what are cel membranes composed of

phospholipids and proteins

nucleus

controls center of cell and controls the workings of entire cell

nucleus

contains genetice info and controls protein synthesis

lysosomal enzymes

breaks down intracellular waste and clean house

passive transport mechanism

water and dissolved substances move without additional energy

passive transport mechanism

diffusion , facilitated diffusion, osmosis and filtrationd

diffusion

movement of a substance from one area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

equilibrium point which no further net diffusion occur

facilitated diffusion

responsible for many substances

osmosis

semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane allows

the greater the concentration the greater the pulling of osmotic pressure

tonicity

ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell

isotonic solution

same

hypotonic solution

containing no solute

hypertonic solution

very concentrated solution causing cell to crenate

most iv solution

causes the cell to swell or shrink

active transport

requires atp

endocytosis

intake of food or liquid by the cell membrane

phagocytosis

the cell eating solid particles

metabolism

series of chemical reactions necessary for the use of raw materials

anabolism

includes reactions that build larger more complex substances from simpler ones

catabolism

reactions that break down larger more complex substances into simpler ones

glycogen

is stored primarily in the liver and skeletal muscle

glycogen

is converted into glucose and released into the blood to restore blood sugar to normal

lipids

phospholipidss are important components of the cell membrane

ureas

nitrogen released by the break down of amino acids is converted to urea by the liver

normal flora

organisms that normally and harmoniously live in or on the human body without causing disease

bacteria

makes up the largest group of pathogens

The thigh is blank to the foot

proximal

which region is included within the lower quadrant .

left illiac

which region is included within the right upper quadrant

right hypochondriac

which is located in the ventral cavity but not in thoracic cavity

liver

which cavity is divided into quadrants

abdominopelvic

which organ is located in both the ventral and thoracic cavities

lung

The kneecap is located distal to the

thigh

parenteral route

includes injuries that penetrate the skin mucous membranes such as bites cuts or surgery

vector

insects acts as vectors to transmit disease

ectoparasites

arthropods with jointed legs and include insect and ticks

mycotic infections

pathogenic fungal infections usually localized

name viral diseases

measles mumps influenza polymyelitis and Aids

what diseases are caused by baciili

tetanus and tuberculosis

virus

smallest infectious agent

rickettsia

are often carried by fleas, ticks and body lice

which of the following refers to the area in front of the elbow.

antecubital

the. distal humerous is

closer to the elbow than the axillary area

the proimal end of the thigh bone is

is closer to the inguinal area then the umbilical area

the lungs are located in all the following except

mediastinum

the sagittal plane

splits the body into front and back

the LuQ

inferior to the sternal area

a 26 year old man is scheduled for the surgical repair of a right inguinal hernia.which of the areas is involved surgically

right iliac region

A physician has diagnosed a patient as having a large liver.according to the patients chart, his liver is measured as being two fingers below the costal margin of the rib cage.where was the physician palpating to get this measurement?

right upper quadrant

pinocytosis

ingestion of water droplets

exocytosis

moving of substances out of cell