What is the tool used for spreading plates?

Glass spreader or hockey stick

What do we use to inoculate semi-solid media

inoculation needle

Bacteria used in bacteriophage lab

Streptomyces greseus

How do you calculate titer/VCN?

(# of colonies x dilution factor)/mL pipetted

What is a plaque and how are they formed?

A plaque is a clearing in a bacterial lawn caused by a bacteriophage eating the nutrients on the agar and reproducing

What type of plaques are formed in the lysogenic and lytic cycle?

Lysogenic produces cloudy plaques whereas lytic produces clear plaques

Define coliphage and bacteriophage

coliphage: a bacteriophage that specifically infects e.coli

bacteriophage: a virus that infects bacteria

What does PFU stand for?

Plaque forming units

What is an obligate intracellular parasite?

an organism that can only reproduce inside of a host cell

lytic cycle stages

attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, and lysis

Are coliforms gram negative or positive and what do they ferment?

Gram negative and lactose fermenting rods

Two advantages of colisure test

Quick results: in under 24 hours

color change: easy to interpret

What is the principle indicator organism in fecal contamination

e.coli

wavelength of light used to interpret colisure test

365 nm

Name of enzyme in coliforms (all)?

B-Galactosidase

Name of enzyme in e.coli?

B-Glucuronidase

Principle behind oxidase test

Prescence of enzyme cytochrome c oxidase

Name of indicator in developing oxidase test

TMPD

What organism tested positive for the oxidase test

Pseudomonas Vibrioionaceae

What tested negative for oxidase test

Enterobacteriae

Review Rhizopus on plate

Black and tan and fuzzy

Review Aspergillus on plate

Solid black plate with little white

Media used for growing fungi in lab

SDA: sabouraud dextrose agar

define dimorphic fungi

produce anitbiotics ie.penicillium produces penicillin

What is lichen? How do they help each other?

Algae and fungi engaging in a symbiotic relationship

Algae provides carbohydrates and fungi provides structure, moisture, and protection

Enzyme that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide how do you test for it

Catalase

bubbles

What organism was negative for catalase test? positive?

n= streptococcus species

p= staphlyococcus aureus

What reagent was used for oxidase test

Hydrogen peroxide

Two stages of protozoa

Trophozoite: active, feeding, motile

Cyst: dormant, resistant stage

Two characteristics of protozoa

Unicellular eukaryotes

motile

4 classes of protozoa

Mastigophora: motile using flagella

Ciliophora: motile using cilia

Sarcodina: move using pseudopodia

Apicomplexa: non motile:glide

What reagent in used in developing starch hydrolysis test

grams iodine

Principle behind starch hydrolysis test

Produce amylase to break down starch

Example of mesophile

e.coli

example of thermophile

s. stearothermophile

what is a pandemic and epidemic

Worldwide spread

epi= increased number of cases in a specific area

Pathogen in epidemiology experiment

pseudomonas putida

MMWR?

Morbidity and mortality weekly report from the CDC

p. putida requires what to grow?

toluic acid

What is a pilus? what is a plasmid?

pilus: initiates conjugation by attaching to recipient cell

plasmid: small circular dna molecule that replicates independently of chromosomal dna

plasmid responsible for degrading toluic acid

TOL plasmid

Fusarium: fungi

Rhizopus stolonifer: fungi

Penicillium: fungi

Aspergillus: fungi

Saccaromyces: fungi

Penicillium fungi

Aspergillus niger fungi

Rhizopus stolonifer fungi

Saccaromyces cervisiae fungi

Fusarium fungi

chlamyldomonas algae

Spyrogira algae

Volvox algae

Diatoms algae

Desmids algae

anabaena cyanobacteria

Geleocapsa Cyanobacteria

Oscillatoria cyanobacteria

Spirulina cyanobacteria

Paramecium protozoan

Blepharisma protozoan

Vorticella protozoan

amoeba proto

Euglena proto

Stentor proto

trypanosoma proto

Plasmodium (ring stage) proto

Giardia Lambia

Trichomonas vaginillis proto

auxotroph v prototroph

auxotroph: mutant that cannot synthesize a required nutrient

prototroph: wild-type organism that can synthesize all required nutrients

One use of algae in lab

Agar

Study of algae is called

phycology

two modes of action for antibiotics

inhibiting cell wall synthesis and inhibiting bacterial protein growth

Name of antibiotic susceptibility test? name of media?

Kirby bauer test and the media was mueller hinton agar

advantage of using e-test over kirby bauer test?

Gives exact MIC (minimum inhibtory concentration)

difference between antiseptic and disinfectant?

Antispectic is for living skin, disinfectant is for inanimate surfaces

Structure of importance within fungi

septate hyphae

What is the name of the red pigment produced by serratia marcescens

Prodigiosin