Anatomy JV Exam 3: Autonomics of Head
what is the synaptic relay site for the sympathetics of the head?
____ ____ ____
superior cervical ganglion
where do the preganglionic sympathetics arise from?
neurons in the ____ ____ of ____
travel to ____ ____ ____
neurons in the lateral horn of T1
travel to superior cervical ganglion
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers supplying the head arise from neurons in the ______ ______ of spinal cord segment ______ and ascend the ______ ______ to reach the superior cervical ganglion.
lateral horn, T1, sympathetic trunk
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion travel via the ______ ______ nerve, forming a plexus around the ______ ______ artery, and use its ______ to reach target structures in the face and head.
internal carotid, internal carotid, branches
What is this?
superior cervical ganglion
Horner's syndrome can result from damage to the sympathetic pathway at the ______ ______ communicantes, the ______ ______ ganglion, or along the ______ or ______ sympathetic fibers.
T1 white, superior cervical, preganglionic, postganglionic
Horner's syndrome is characterized by ______ (small pupil), ______ (drooping upper eyelid), ______ (lack of sweating on affected side), and flushing of the ______ and ______ due to vasodilation.
miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis, face, neck
Cranial nerves that carry general visceral efferent fibers for parasympathetic innervation of the head include cranial nerves ______, ______, and ______.
III, VII, IX
1) oculomotor (III) - ______ ______ nucleus
2) facial (VII) - ______ ______ nucleus
3) glossopharyngeal (IX) - ______ ______ nucleus
edinger-westphal
superior salivatory
inferior salivatory
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus is located in the ______ ______ within the ______ region of the brainstem.
oculomotor complex, mesencephalon
Parasympathetic axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus travel in the ______ nerve and synapse in the ______ ganglion.
oculomotor, ciliary
The superior salivatory nucleus is the visceral efferent nucleus of cranial nerve ______ and gives rise to parasympathetic fibers.
VII
Axons from the superior salivatory nucleus travel in the ______ ______ nerve to synapse in the ______ ganglion and in the ______ ______ to synapse in the ______ ganglion.
greater petrosal, pterygopalatine, chorda tympani, submandibular
The inferior salivatory nucleus is associated with cranial nerve ______ and gives rise to ______ fibers.
IX, parasympathetic
Preganglionic fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus travel through the ______ ______, enter the ______ ______ nerve, and synapse in the ______ ganglion.
tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal, otic
Parasympathetic ganglia associated with the trigeminal nerve include the ______, ______, ______, and ______ ganglia.
ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, submandibular
The ciliary ganglion is associated with the ______ branch of the trigeminal nerve, specifically the ______ nerve.
V1, nasociliary
The pterygopalatine ganglion is associated with the ______ branch of the trigeminal nerve.
V2
The otic ganglion is associated with the ______ branch of the trigeminal nerve.
V3
The submandibular ganglion is associated with the ______ nerve, a branch of ______.
lingual, V3
What is 1?
pterygopalatine ganglion
What is 2?
ciliary ganglion
What is 3?
opthalmic nerve (v1)
What is 4?
oculomotor nerve (3)
What is 5?
trigeminal nerve (5)
What is 6?
mandibular nerve (v3)
What is 7?
facial nerve (7)
What is 8?
vagus nerve (10)
What is 9?
glossopharyngeal neve (9)
What is 10?
submandibular ganglion
What is 11?
otic ganglion
What is 1?
ciliary ganglion
What is 2?
otic ganglion
What is 3?
pterygopalatine ganglion
What is 4?
submandibular ganglion
What is 1?
trigeminal ganglion
What is 2?
nasociliary root
What is 3?
opthalmic nerve
What is 4?
recurrent meningeal branch
What is 5?
nasociliary nerve
What is 6?
superior orbital fissure
What is 7?
frontal nerve
What is 8?
posterior ethmoidal nerve
What is 9?
anterior ethmoidal nerve
What is 10?
lacrimal gland
What is 11?
supraorbital nerve
What is 12?
supratrochlear nerve
What is 13?
lacrimal nerve
What is 14?
infratrochlear nerve
What is 15?
long ciliary nerves
What is 16?
short ciliary nerves
What is 17?
ciliary ganglion
What is 18?
communicating branch to zygomatic nerve
What is 1?
foramen rotundum
What is 2?
maxillary nerve
What is 3?
trigeminal nerve
What is 4?
meningeal branch
What is 5?
ganglionic branches of pterygopalatine ganglion
What is 6?
pterygopalatine ganglion
What is 7?
posterior superior alveolar nerves
What is 8?
inferior orbital fissure
What is 9?
anterior superior alveolar branches
What is 10?
middle superior alveolar branches
What is 11?
infraorbital nerve
What is 12?
zygomatic nerve
What is 13?
communicating branches
What is 1?
trigeminal ganglion
What is 2?
mandibular division
What is 3?
foramen ovale
What is 4?
deep temporal nerves
What is 5?
infraorbital foramen
What is 6?
lateral pterygopalatine muscle
What is 7?
buccal nerve
What is 8?
pterygopalatine nerves
What is 9?
inferior dental branches
What is 10?
mental nerves
What is 11?
mental foramen
What is 12?
inferior alveolar nerve
What is 13?
masseter muscle
What is 14?
lingual nerve
What is 15?
medial pterygoid muscle
What is 16?
masseteric nerve
What is 17?
auriculotemporal nerve
The ciliary ganglion is the parasympathetic ganglion of cranial nerve ______ and is associated with the ______ branch of the trigeminal nerve.
III, nasociliary
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ______ -______ nucleus synapse in the ______ ganglion before reaching the eye.
Edinger, Westphal, ciliary
Postganglionic ______ and ______ axons pass through the ciliary ganglion without ______.
sympathetics, sensory, synapsing
In the pupillary reflex, afferent axons originate from the ______ and terminate in the ______ area and ______ ______ of the midbrain.
retina, pretectal, superior colliculus
Efferent parasympathetic fibers involved in the pupillary reflex originate in the ______ -______ nucleus, travel with cranial nerve ______, and synapse in the ______ ganglion.
Edinger, Westphal, III, ciliary
In the pupillary light reflex, shining a ______ in one ______ causes that pupil to ______ as part of a normal response.
light, eye, constrict
The pupillary light reflex evaluates the functional integrity of the ______ nervous system, specifically the ______ innervation of the ______.
parasympathetic, parasympathetic, pupil
The consensual light reflex causes the ______ pupil to ______ slightly when light is shone in the ______ eye.
contralateral, constrict, opposite
what is the consensual reflex?
when light is shined in eye, ______ pupil will ______ to a ______ degree
contralateral, constrict, lesser
The accommodation reflex occurs when a person focuses on a ______ object, causing both ______ to ______.
near, pupils, constrict
During the accommodation reflex, the ______ muscles ______ to allow the lens to become ______ for near vision.
ciliary, contract, thicker
Fixed and dilated pupils may indicate damage to the ______, specifically affecting the ______-______ nucleus, which prevents ______ constriction.
brainstem, Edinger, Westphal, parasympathetic
In the absence of parasympathetic input, the unopposed action of the ______ ______ muscle—innervated by the ______ nervous system—leads to dilation.
dilator pupillae, sympathetic
A complete injury to the parasympathetic pathway can cause a large, fixed pupil known as a ______ ______.
blown pupil
For near vision, ______ muscles ______ under ______ innervation, reducing tension on the zonule fibers.
ciliary, contract, parasympathetic
When viewing close objects, reduced zonule fiber tension allows the ______ to return to its ______ state and become more ______.
lens, normal, thick
In close vision, the pupils also ______ to improve focus, a response mediated by the ______ nervous system.
constrict, parasympathetic
For distant vision, the ______ muscles ______ due to the absence of ______ stimulation.
ciliary, relax, parasympathetic
Relaxation of ciliary muscles increases tension on the ______ ______, causing the lens to become ______ and more suited for ______ vision.
zonule fibers, flat, distant
Presbyopia is an age-related condition, typically occurring after age ______, in which the ______ loses its ______.
40, lens, flexibility
In presbyopia, the lens cannot ______ when tension on the ______ ______ is released by ______ of the ciliary muscles.
thicken, zonule fibers, contraction
Because the lens can no longer thicken properly, individuals with presbyopia cannot ______ on ______ objects.
focus, near
what is the largest of the parasympathetic ganglia?
______ ______
pterygopalatine ganglion
The pterygopalatine ganglion contains cell bodies of ______ neurons that receive ______ input via the ______ ______ nerve.
postganglionic, preganglionic, greater petrosal
The greater petrosal nerve joins the ______ ______ nerve to form the ______ of the pterygoid canal.
deep petrosal, nerve
Postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion travel with branches of the ______ division of the ______ nerve.
maxillary, trigeminal
Postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion travel with branches of the ______ division of the ______ nerve, also known as ______.
maxillary, trigeminal, V2
What is 1?
lacrimal gland
What is 2?
lacrimal nerve
What is 3?
zygomatic nerve
What is 4?
deep petrosal nerve
What is 5?
internal carotid artery
What is 6?
nerve of pterygoid canal
What is 7?
superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
What is 8?
internal carotid nerve
What is 9?
geniculate ganglion
What is 10?
greater petrosal nerve
What is 11?
internal carotid plexus
The nerve of the pterygoid canal, also called the ______ nerve, is formed by the union of the ______ petrosal and ______ petrosal nerves.
Vidian, greater, deep
The greater petrosal nerve contributes ______ ______ fibers to the nerve of the pterygoid canal.
preganglionic parasympathetic
The deep petrosal nerve contributes ______ ______ fibers to the nerve of the pterygoid canal.
postganglionic sympathetic
what axons are found within nervus intermedius?
-______
-______ ______
-sensory
-preganglionic parasympathetics
What is 1?
chorda tympani carries parasympathetic innervation to all glands below the oral fissure
What is 2?
chorda tympani (carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue)
What is 3?
lingual nerve
What is 4?
auriculotemporal neve
What is 5?
otic ganglion
What is 6?
greater petrosal nerve
What is 7?
facial nerve (7)
What is 8?
chorda tympani
What is 9?
tympanic membrane
What is 10?
submandibular ganglion
What is 11?
submandibular gland
What is this?
chorda tympani joining lingual nerve
The otic ganglion is located in the ______ ______, medial to cranial nerve ______, and deep to the ______ ______.
infratemporal fossa, V3, foramen ovale
The otic ganglion contains ______ ______ fibers that arrive via the ______ ______ nerve, which originates from the ______ ______ on the medial wall of the middle ear.
preganglionic parasympathetic, lesser petrosal, tympanic plexus
The lesser petrosal nerve arises from the ______ ______ on the medial wall of the ______ ______ cavity.
tympanic plexus, middle ear
After arising, the lesser petrosal nerve travels along the floor of the ______ ______ fossa and exits the cranium via the ______ ______.
middle cranial, foramen ovale
The lesser petrosal nerve carries ______ ______ fibers and enters the ______ ganglion to synapse.
preganglionic parasympathetic, otic
Preganglionic parasympathetic axons in the glossopharyngeal nerve arise from the ______ ______ nucleus and travel to the ______ ______ via the ______ branch of CN IX.
inferior salivatory, tympanic plexus, tympanic
Axons leave the tympanic plexus through the ______ ______ nerve, which carries them to the ______ ganglion.
lesser petrosal, otic
The ciliary ganglion lies in the back of the ______, just ______ to the ______ nerve, positioned between it and the ______ ______ muscle.
orbit, lateral, optic, lateral rectus
Postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion travel to the ______ gland via the ______ branch of cranial nerve ______.
parotid, auriculotemporal, V3
where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?
lies within the ______ ______
pterygopalatine fossa
What is 1?
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What is 2?
mastoid process
What is 3?
tympanic plexus in tympanic cavity
What is 4?
lesser petrosal nerve
What is 5?
otic ganglion
What is 6?
parotid branches of auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)
What is 7?
parotid gland
What is 8?
tympanic nerve
Axons reach the lacrimal nerve from the maxillary division of V via a communicating branch off the ______ nerve, which is a branch of the ______ nerve.
zygomaticotemporal, zygomatic
The submandibular ganglion lies medial to the ______ and is suspended from the ______ nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of cranial nerve ______.
mandible, lingual, V3