ST990 midterm review
What is the Joint commissions (TJC) primary function in healthcare?
TJC ensure healthcare facilities meet safety and quality standards
List three key agencies involved in hospital accreditation and safety?
APIC, OSHA, EPA
Defined perioperative professional and list three example?
Healthcare professionals involved in surgery, e.g., scrub tech, circulating nurse, anesthesiologist
What are the main department found in healthcare facility?
Pathology, radiology, infection control, pharmacy, blood bank, etc.
Identify three essential piece of equipment commonly found in the operation room?
Operating table, Mayo stand, back table
Explain the purpose of air flow and ventilation control in surgical suites?
Minimize airborne contaminants to reduce infection
What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient care?
Inpatients stay overnight; outpatients don't require overnight care
Describe the advantage and disadvantage of ambulatory Surgery centers?
Pros: cost- effective, convenient; Cons: limited staff, no overnight care
How does healthcare chain of command contribute to hospital efficiency?
Ensures clear leadership and accountability in healthcare setting
Explain the world of the sterile processing technicians in a hospital setting?
Sterilize and maintenance surgical instrument
a hospital administrator want to improve infection control measures. What steps should be taken?
Hand hygiene, Stillalizations, PPE enforcement Etc
if a surgical technologist notice non-compliance with hospital policies. What action should they take?
report concerns to hospital Administrations
A patient ask about the difference between HMO and PPO insurance plans. How will you explain this?
HMO required referral, PPO offers flexibility but higher costs
How can the central sterile processing department ensure the proper sterilization of surgical instruments?
Proper sterilization cycle, rootine in maintenance check
A healthcare facility want to enhance patients safety. What recommendations will you make?
Implement strict infection control, improved staff training
Compare and contrast the role of biomedical engineering and materials management in a hospital?
Biomedical engineering repairs equipment, materials management handle inventory.
Why is accreditation necessary for healthcare institutions, and what happen if a facility fails to meet standards ?
Accreditations ensure compliance with safety regulations
How does the risk management department contribute to a hospital safety procedures?
identifies potential hazard and develops safety policies
Discuss the importance of pre-operative professional in preparing patients for surgery?
Ensure patience are prepared for surgery, reducing complications
Evaluate how technology advancements in hospital management have improved efficiency and patient care?
Electronic health record, robotic assisted surgery, improve scheduling systems
Which organizations is responsible for accrediting Healthcare facilities?
the Joint commissions (TJC)
Which perioperative professional is responsible for ensuring a sterile environment and passing instruments to the surgeons ?
Scribe technologist
Which Healthcare payment system involve a fixed rate for specific treatment?
DRG (diagnosis related group)
what are the five skill of medical language communication ?
listinning, speaking, reading, writing, thinking
define the word etymology in context of medical language ?
it the study of medical word origins
list three types of medical word?
prefix, suffix, and root
What are the two primary origin of Medical terminology
Greek and Latin
Provide an example of a singular form medical term and it's plural form in Latin?
appendix ( singular) appendices ( plural)
What does the combining form cardi/O mean ?
pertaining to the heart
What is the role of a prefix in a medical term?
To modified the word
Define the term suffix?
It's the actions of the words that are most likely at the end of any medical terminology word.
What is the anatomical positions?
Standing upright positions with Palm facing forwards
Identify three major body cavity ?
cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity
Explain why Latin and Greek are prevalent in medical terminology?
Because they are the first person to start naming bodies.
Describe how prefix modifying medical words?
To help indicated and be precise of what being said
Differentiate between combining form that are identical to their medical meaning and those that are not?
For example perri and para
peri- professional ( surgeon, nurse) and para-professional ( surgical tech students)
Why is spelling and pronunciations important in medical terminology?
To make sure that the professionals are on the same page and understand what been said
Compare and contrast a symptom and a sign?
A symptom is what you feel and a sign is physical
Explain the difference between acute, subacute and chronic disease?
Acute mean sudden and quick
sub acute mean less intensify
chronic= longer
Summarize the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the study of body structure while study of body functions
Describe the functions of allied health professional inpatient care?
Allied health professionals support and carry out specific services ordered by physicians.
What is the role of a medical record in healthcare?
Processing outpatients and inpatient record, retrieve ,and storage
Explain the importance of electronic health record?
it emphasizes health maintenance and preventive care.
Divided the word pericarditis into its word part and Define it?
peri= around
cardi= heart
it's= inflammation
the inflammation of the heart
Identify where the following word containing a prefix tachy cardia?
tachy= fast
cadia= heart
fast heart beat
Build a magical term that mean inflammations of the stomach?
Gastritis
Give the term neurology determining the meaning of its combining form?
neu= nervous system
rology= study of
the study of the nervous system
Identify where the epic gastric referred to a region, plane or cavity?
region
if a patient has pain in the left lower quadrant what organ could be affected?
intestine
You hear the word Hepatomegaly what does this indicate?
hepa=liver
omegaly= enlargement
the enlargement of the liver
A healthcare provider used auscultations during an exams what are they doing?
they using an instrument ( stethoscope) to listen the sound of the body
How will you explain to a patient what proximal and distal mean?
proximal mean closer to the body to the center of the body while distal mean away from the body
Giving the word hypoglycemia predict the meaning based on its word part?
hypo= lower
glycemia= sugar
low blood sugar
Compare the coronal sagittal and transverse plane?
Corona plane is divided body into the front and back
sagittal plane divided the body into equal half right and left
transverse plane divided body into Superior and inferior
Analyze how different disease categories help physician diagnose illness
nspection, or visual examination of external services and internal
cavities
– Palpation, or use of the fingers to feel masses and
organs and detect tenderness
and pain
– Auscultation, or use
of a stethoscope to listen to body sounds
– Percussion, or
tapping over body cavities to hear what sounds are produced
If a word contain two combine form what does this indicate?
the names of that specific word body part developed into combining forms.
Distanguage between physician extender and Allied health professionals?
a physician extender are professionals that examine, diagnose, and treat patients, and some prescribe drugs. while for an allied health professionals are support and carry out specific services ordered by physicians.
Differential between a clinic and ambulatory Surgery Center?
A clinic provides healthcare services for just one type of patient or one type of disease. while for ambulatory center is s a facility where minor surgery is performed.
Evaluate the difference between a refractory disease and a terminal illness?
A refractory disease is one that is not being responded to treatment while a terminal illness is lead to death
Why might a hospital choose to implant an electronic health record system?
easier access to patient health record and also reduce medical error.
Access why some medical term have both Latin and Greek origins
Because that were the first to start naming body part ( inventor)
How do prefix relate to speed effect medical meaning for example brady tachy?
It help give a clue of what is it actions or the verb is doing for example brady= slow, bradycardia meaning slow heartbeat
A healthcare provider document a cute exacerbations patient chart what does this mean?
acute = sudden and quick
sudden worsening of an illness
Evaluate the benefit and drawback of using electronic health record in modern Healthcare?
easy access to doctors, reduce medical error
Analyze the impact of medical terminology on patient communications. how can Healthcare professional ensure understanding?
by explaining in simple term and always asking for comprehensive method such as the teach back method
Compare the role of different medical professional in the healthcare System and how do they work together to provide comprehensive care?
the MD is the one that in charge of the team such a nurse, st etc and the Md would leads the team members and directs their activities and they would work together let's say in an operation to provide efficient care to patient.
Propose a new way to teach medical terminology to students were struggling with memorizations?
created a quiz where u can play multiple times to try to remember, use repetition, try writing it down without looking into your note, work with a study buddy, try to explain to family members etc
Create a short mnemonic or strategy to help remember medical prefixes and suffixes?
note card
Greek singular and plural
Is, nx, oma, on
Example iris = irides, phalanx = phalanges,
Carcinoma = carcinoma, ganglion = ganglia
Latin singular and plural
A, us, um, is, ex
Example vertebra = vertebrae, bronchus = bronchi, bacterium = bacteria, diagnosis = diagnoses, apex = apices
Ai stand for
Conditions of
Ism stand for
Disease from a specific cause
Osis stand for
Abnormal
Pathy stand for
Disease
Gram stand for
Picture
Graphy stand for
Recording
Metry stand for
Measurement
Scope stand for
Instruments use to examine
Scopy stand for
Process of using an instrument to examine
Tomy stand for
Cutting, making an incision
Iatry stand for
Medical treatment
Ics stand for
Practice
Ist stand for
Person who specializes in
An stand for
Without
Dys stand for
Painful
Degenerative stand for
Process of destroying of cell
Iatrogenic stand for
Medicine receiving by patient
Asc stand for
Ambulatory surgery center
Cc stand for
Cheif command
Cnm stand for
Certified nurse midwife
Crna stand for
Certified registered nurse anesthesia
D.C stand for
Doctor of chiropractor
D.D.S stand for
Doctor of dental surgery
D.O stand for
Doctor of osteopathy
D.P.M stand for
Doctor of podiatric medicine
D.S stand for
Discharge summary
Dx stand for
Diagnosis
ED stand for
Emergency department
EHR stand for
Electronic health record
EMR stand for
Electronic medical records
EPR
Electronic patient record
ER stand for
Emergency room
FH stand for
Family history
H&P stand for
History and physical
Hippa stand for
Health insurance portability and accountability act
HPI stand for
History of present illness
ICU
Intensive care unit
LPN stand for
Licensed pratIcal nurse
LVN stand for
Licensed vocational nurse
M.D stand for
Doctor of medicine
O.D stand for
Doctor of optometry
Pharm.D.
Doctor of pharmacy
PMH stand for
Past medical history
PT stand for
Physical therapy
R/O stand for
Rule out
ROS stand for
Review of system
SH stand for
Social History
SNF stand for
Skilled nursing facility
What does the prefix “brady-” mean?
Slow
The suffix “-itis” refers to:
Inflammation
The word root “cephal/o” refers to which body part?
Head
Which of the following prefixes means “within” or “inside”?
Endo
What does the prefix “tachy-” mean?
Fast
What does the prefix “hypo-” indicate?
Under
The combining form “erythr/o” means
Red
What does the suffix “-logy” mean?
Study of
The prefix “peri-” means:
Around
Which medical term correctly describes an inflammation of the stomach?
Gastritis
If a patient has “cyanosis,” what color change occurs in their skin?
Blue
The term “osteomalacia” refers to:
Hardening of the bones
Which term refers to a specialist who studies diseases?
Pathologist
What does “polyuria” mean?
Absence of urine
The prefix “retro-” means:
backward
If a patient has a “subcutaneous” injection, where is the medication administered?
Under the skin
A “nephrectomy” is a procedure to
Removal of the kidney
If a doctor prescribes a medication for “bradycardia,” what condition is being treated?
Slow heart beat
A patient with “dysphagia” would likely have trouble with
Difficult of swallowing
A patient diagnosed with “macrocephaly” has a:
Enlargement of the head
If a patient has “intercostal pain,” where is the pain located?
Enlargement of the head
between the rib
A patient suffering from “melanoma” most likely has a
Skin cancer
If a procedure is called “laparoscopy,” what does it involve?
An examination of the abdominal cavity with a scope
A patient with “quadriplegia” has paralysis affecting:
All four limbs
Which of the following conditions involves hardening of an artery?
Arteriosclerosis
What does “pneumonectomy” mean?
The removal of the lungs
A “gastroscopy” is performed to
Examine the stomach with a scope
What does the combining form “anter/o” refer to?
Back
The term “caud/o” is associated with which body direction?
Tail
The prefix “mono-” means
one
Which of the following prefixes refers to “four”?
Quad
The term “later/o” refers to
Side
The prefix “poly-” indicates:
Many
The prefix “uni-” means
One
“Peripher/o” is associated with
The center
What does “dist/o” refer to?
Away form the body
The term “ventr/o” refers to the
Front
“Proxim/o” is used to describe
Closer to the body
The prefix “tetra-” refers to
Three
The combining form “medi/o” is associated with
Middle of the body
Poster/o” refers to which anatomical direction?
Back
What does “intern/o” describe?
Structure inside of the body
The prefix “di-” means:
Two
If a structure is “super/o,” it is located
Above
What is the opposite of “extern/o”?
Internal
A doctor describes a patient’s wound as “ventral.” Where is the wound located?
In front of the body
A structure that is “proximal” to another is
Closer to the point of attachment
A disease affecting “viscer/o” would involve which part of the body?
Internal organs
A “pariet/o” membrane is found
Lining a body cavity
If a doctor says a fracture is located in the “distal femur,” where is the injury?
Near the knee
The term “poli/o” relates to which color?
gray
A patient with “melanosis” would have:
An excess of melanin in the skin
The term “xanth/o” describes what color?
yellow
Which four aseptic transfer steps are there?
What is cleaning?
Cleaning to remove soil
What is disinfecting?
Ability to kill microorganism with the exceptions of Spore
What is sterilization?
completely killed all microorganism
What is sterility maintenance?
Ability to understand that microorganisms are in the environment
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that can cause disease
What are the three lines of defense in the human body?
Skin, hair, nails
Name three types of microorganisms that can cause infections.
Bacteria, fungi, viruses
What is the purpose of the Gram stain in microbiology?
To differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
What does the Gram stain reveal about bacteria?
It shows their shape and structures
Define biofilm formation?
Germs stick to surfaces and form a protective layer
Why is biofilm formation significant in healthcare settings?
It makes infections harder to treat
What is the difference between nonpathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms?
Nonpathogenic cannot cause diseases while for pathogenic can cause disease.
Describe the four phases of bacterial growth.
Lag, log phase, stationary phase, death phase .
Why are bacterial spores resistant to sterilization techniques?
They have a protective coating layer
How do viruses replicate inside a host?
By injecting their genetic material into host cells
What are aerobic and anaerobic bacteria?
Aerobic need oxygen; anaerobic do not
How do aerobic and anaerobic bacteria differ?
By their ability to survive with or without oxygen
What infection control procedures should a surgical technologist follow?
Cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, maintaining sterility
What symptoms might a patient with a systemic infection exhibit?
Fever, chills, fatigue
How should a healthcare worker use knowledge of antibiotic resistance?
By choosing the right antibiotic and avoiding unnecessary use
How do prions differ from other microorganisms?
They are proteinaceous agents with no DNA or RNA
What are possible causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
Poor hand hygiene, contaminated equipment, weakened immune systems
Compare bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths.
Bacteria and fungi are cellular; viruses are non-cellular
Bacteria are living and have targetable parts
What is quorum sensing in bacteria?
A process where bacteria communicate using chemical signals
Why is sterilization critical in surgical settings?
It kills germs on tools, preventing infections
What risks do perioperative personnel face regarding infectious agents?
Blood pathogens, airborne pathogens, needle stick injuries
What are the key components of infection control in the operating room?
What are the symptoms of systemic versus localized infections?
Systemic infection symptoms:
Localized infection symptoms:
What are the differences in reproduction among bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses?
What is the significance of antibiotic resistance in surgical settings?
What are the phases of bacterial growth
What are the two categories of microorganisms?
Nonpathogens and Pathogens
Why are microorganisms necessary for our existence?
They aid in food development and waste decay
What are the three lines of defense in the human body?
What constitutes the first line of defense in the body?
Intact barriers like skin and mucous membranes
What is included in the second line of defense?
Inflammatory response and antibody production
What is the third line of defense in the body?
Resistance through passive and active immunity
What are the stages of microorganism transformation to pathogens?
What are the types of infectious processes in the body?
Who is at high risk for exposure to infections?
Surgeons and surgical assistants
What are the main types of pathogenic microorganisms?
What is the size range of most bacterial cells?
1-2 microns
What is a spore in bacteria?
A resistant form of bacteria for survival
How are bacteria commonly classified?
What are the three main shapes of bacteria?
What are the two groups of bacteria identified by the Gram stain?
Gram-positive and Gram-negative
What is the Gram stain procedure?
What type of bacteria requires oxygen to grow?
Aerobic bacteria
What type of bacteria does not require oxygen?
Anaerobic bacteria
What are the temperature requirements for bacteria?
How do bacteria reproduce?
By dividing through binary fission
How often do bacteria reproduce?
Approximately every 20 minutes
What are common viral diseases?
What are the five distinct types of hepatitis viruses?
A, B, C, D, and E
Which hepatitis virus is often implicated in foodborne illnesses?
Hepatitis A
What is the significance of the Hepatitis B vaccine?
It is strongly recommended for technicians
What does HIV cause?
AIDS
How does understanding microorganisms help in healthcare?
What are the characteristics of viruses?
What is the impact of bacteria on the operating room department?
What virus causes AIDS?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
When does HIV occur in the body?
When the virus enters the bloodstream
What are the benefits of understanding microorganisms?
What is a prion?
A proteinaceous infectious particle
What disease is associated with prions?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
How are prions deactivated?
On contaminated items
What is a characteristic of fungi?
Inability to photosynthesize
How do fungi typically grow?
As a mold
How are fungi transmitted?
By direct contact
What substance is found in the cell walls of fungi?
Chitin
How can fungal infections spread?
From person to person or contaminated surfaces
What is another name for a fungal infection?
Mycosis
How do fungi reproduce?
By releasing spores
Where do fungal infections most likely affect the body?
Skin, nails, or lungs
What is athlete’s foot also known as?
Tinea pedis
What causes athlete’s foot?
Dermatophytes in warm, humid areas
How can athlete’s foot be spread?
From contaminated surfaces like showers
What is jock itch also known as?
Tinea cruris
Where does jock itch primarily affect?
Groin area, inner thighs, and buttocks
What is ringworm also known as?
Tinea corporis
What areas of the body does ringworm affect?
Skin and scalp
What is a yeast infection caused by?
Candida albicans
Where can yeast infections occur?
Skin, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract
What is toenail fungus also known as?
Tinea unguium
What are protozoans?
Unicellular and heterotrophic organisms
What environments do protozoa inhabit?
Moist and aquatic environments
What are helminths?
Parasites in humans and animals
What are the three types of helminths that infect humans?
Roundworms, flukes, tapeworms
What are roundworms scientifically known as?
Nematodes
What do flukes generally infect?
Bile ducts, liver, or blood
What are tapeworms also known as?
Cestodes
What is the primary function of infection control?
Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization
What is the purpose of antimicrobial therapy?
To treat infections caused by microorganisms
What is selective toxicity in antimicrobial therapy?
Injures microorganisms without harming host cells
What does bioterrorism represent?
A threat for which EDs are ill prepared
What are the six basic steps identified for bioterrorism response?
Lockdown, protect personnel, decontaminate, isolate
What is the role of DNA in identifying microorganisms?
Identification through intracellular DNA
What are the three lines of defense against disease?
Physical, chemical, and biological barriers
How can microorganisms pose a threat?
They can infect patients and employees
What are the common types of fungal infections?
What are the characteristics of helminths?
What are the principles of antimicrobial therapy?
What are the infection control services?
What does ABHES stand for?
Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools
What is the role of ABHES?
It is a nonprofit accrediting body
What does NBSTSA stand for?
National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting
What is the function of NBSTSA?
It certifies surgical technology professionals
What types of training programs are available for surgical technologists?
Vocational, 2-year, 4-year, military programs
What is required for certification by NBSTSA?
Must meet eligibility requirements.
What does CST stand for?
Certified Surgical Technologist
What does NCCT stand for?
National Center for Competency Testing
What does the NCCT require from applicants?
Scrub experience with 150 validated surgical cases
What is a requirement for NCCT applicants regarding education?
Must have a high school diploma
What is one way to qualify for NCCT certification?
Graduate from an accredited surgical program.
What credential do applicants receive after passing the NCCT exam?
Tech in Surgery–Certified (TS-C)
What is required for maintaining NCCT certification?
Continuing education credits.
What does continuing education provide for professionals?
Opportunity to improve knowledge and competency
What organization provides resources for continuing education credits?
Association of Surgical Technologists (AST)
What are the levels of the Clinical Ladder Program established by AST?
What is the role of a surgical technologist in the scrub role?
Member of the sterile team delivering surgical care.
What are the responsibilities of a circulator/assistant circulator?
Prepare nonsterile equipment and assist with patients.
What is one task of the second assistant?
Retraction
What are some other perioperative responsibilities of surgical technologists?
Emergency duty, patient care, leadership.
What does CST stand for in career opportunities?
Certified Surgical Technologist
What is one career opportunity for a CST
Facility-based technologist
What is a key attribute of a professional?
High standard of accountability and ethics.
What is a foundation of professionalism?
Personal integrity and respect for laws
What personal attribute is important for success in surgical technology?
Care and empathy
What is the historical role of nurses before WWII in surgical technology?
Nurses acted as surgical assistants.
What is one personal attribute for success in surgical technology?
Organizational skills
What does professional trust mean?
Being trustworthy and responsible in all areas
What organization created the Association of Operating Room Technicians (AORT)?
Association of Operating Room Nurses (AORN)
What significant event occurred in 1970 for surgical technologists?
The first certifying exam was administered.
What does CAAHEP stand for?
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
What is the role of ARC/STSA?
Recommends accreditation of surgical technology programs
What does the Clinical Ladder program define?
Specific levels of practice for surgical technologists
What is the primary focus of the profession of surgical technology?
To assist in surgical procedures.
What is the significance of the Korean War for surgical technology?
Nursing shortages led to corpsmen circulating.
What does CST/CFA stand for?
Certified Surgical Technologist/Certified First Assistant
What is material management in surgical technology?
Management of cleaning and sterilization of instruments
What does the AST provide for surgical technologists?
Resources for continuing education credits.
What is the importance of personal integrity in surgical technology?
It reflects accountability and respect for others.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in the sterile team?
To deliver direct surgical care and maintain sterility.
What is the significance of the AST's code of ethics?
It guides the professional conduct of surgical technologists.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in patient care?
To assist with patient positioning and preparation.
What is the importance of continuing education for surgical technologists?
It helps maintain competency and knowledge.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in the operating room?
To assist in surgical procedures and maintain sterility.
What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in emergencies?
They must respond effectively to surgical emergencies.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in managing surgical instruments?
To prepare, pass, and maintain instruments during surgery.
What is the importance of teamwork in surgical technology?
It ensures effective collaboration during surgeries.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in patient safety?
To ensure a sterile environment and proper procedures.
What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in patient education?
To provide information about surgical procedures and care.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in postoperative care?
To assist with patient recovery and care.
What is the importance of communication in surgical technology?
It ensures clear information exchange among team members.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in quality assurance?
To ensure compliance with safety and quality standards.
What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in infection control?
To maintain a sterile environment and prevent infections.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in surgical planning?
To assist in preparing for surgical procedures.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in ethical decision-making?
To uphold ethical standards in surgical practice.
What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in patient advocacy?
To ensure patient rights and safety during surgery.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in interdisciplinary collaboration?
To work effectively with other healthcare professionals.
What is the importance of adaptability in surgical technology?
To respond effectively to changing surgical situations.
What is the importance of professionalism in surgical technology?
It reflects the commitment to quality patient care.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in research and development?
To contribute to advancements in surgical technology.
What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in community service?
To promote health and wellness in the community.
What does retraction mean?
Pulling back or withdrawal
What is the study of cell called?
Cytology
What does blessing mean in medical term?
Reduction or diminution
What does metastasis mean ?
The spread of a disease
Which hepatitis viruses if often implicate in skin diseases?
Hepatitis c
Which type of hepatitis virus implications the liver ?
B and D