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343 notecards = 86 pages (4 cards per page)

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ST990 midterm review

front 1

What is the Joint commissions (TJC) primary function in healthcare?

back 1

TJC ensure healthcare facilities meet safety and quality standards

front 2

List three key agencies involved in hospital accreditation and safety?

back 2

APIC, OSHA, EPA

front 3

Defined perioperative professional and list three example?

back 3

Healthcare professionals involved in surgery, e.g., scrub tech, circulating nurse, anesthesiologist

front 4

What are the main department found in healthcare facility?

back 4

Pathology, radiology, infection control, pharmacy, blood bank, etc.

front 5

Identify three essential piece of equipment commonly found in the operation room?

back 5

Operating table, Mayo stand, back table

front 6

Explain the purpose of air flow and ventilation control in surgical suites?

back 6

Minimize airborne contaminants to reduce infection

front 7

What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient care?

back 7

Inpatients stay overnight; outpatients don't require overnight care

front 8

Describe the advantage and disadvantage of ambulatory Surgery centers?

back 8

Pros: cost- effective, convenient; Cons: limited staff, no overnight care

front 9

How does healthcare chain of command contribute to hospital efficiency?

back 9

Ensures clear leadership and accountability in healthcare setting

front 10

Explain the world of the sterile processing technicians in a hospital setting?

back 10

Sterilize and maintenance surgical instrument

front 11

a hospital administrator want to improve infection control measures. What steps should be taken?

back 11

Hand hygiene, Stillalizations, PPE enforcement Etc

front 12

if a surgical technologist notice non-compliance with hospital policies. What action should they take?

back 12

report concerns to hospital Administrations

front 13

A patient ask about the difference between HMO and PPO insurance plans. How will you explain this?

back 13

HMO required referral, PPO offers flexibility but higher costs

front 14

How can the central sterile processing department ensure the proper sterilization of surgical instruments?

back 14

Proper sterilization cycle, rootine in maintenance check

front 15

A healthcare facility want to enhance patients safety. What recommendations will you make?

back 15

Implement strict infection control, improved staff training

front 16

Compare and contrast the role of biomedical engineering and materials management in a hospital?

back 16

Biomedical engineering repairs equipment, materials management handle inventory.

front 17

Why is accreditation necessary for healthcare institutions, and what happen if a facility fails to meet standards ?

back 17

Accreditations ensure compliance with safety regulations

front 18

How does the risk management department contribute to a hospital safety procedures?

back 18

identifies potential hazard and develops safety policies

front 19

Discuss the importance of pre-operative professional in preparing patients for surgery?

back 19

Ensure patience are prepared for surgery, reducing complications

front 20

Evaluate how technology advancements in hospital management have improved efficiency and patient care?

back 20

Electronic health record, robotic assisted surgery, improve scheduling systems

front 21

Which organizations is responsible for accrediting Healthcare facilities?

back 21

the Joint commissions (TJC)

front 22

Which perioperative professional is responsible for ensuring a sterile environment and passing instruments to the surgeons ?

back 22

Scribe technologist

front 23

Which Healthcare payment system involve a fixed rate for specific treatment?

back 23

DRG (diagnosis related group)

front 24

what are the five skill of medical language communication ?

back 24

listinning, speaking, reading, writing, thinking

front 25

define the word etymology in context of medical language ?

back 25

it the study of medical word origins

front 26

list three types of medical word?

back 26

prefix, suffix, and root

front 27

What are the two primary origin of Medical terminology

back 27

Greek and Latin

front 28

Provide an example of a singular form medical term and it's plural form in Latin?

back 28

appendix ( singular) appendices ( plural)

front 29

What does the combining form cardi/O mean ?

back 29

pertaining to the heart

front 30

What is the role of a prefix in a medical term?

back 30

To modified the word

front 31

Define the term suffix?

back 31

It's the actions of the words that are most likely at the end of any medical terminology word.

front 32

What is the anatomical positions?

back 32

Standing upright positions with Palm facing forwards

front 33

Identify three major body cavity ?

back 33

cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity

front 34

Explain why Latin and Greek are prevalent in medical terminology?

back 34

Because they are the first person to start naming bodies.

front 35

Describe how prefix modifying medical words?

back 35

To help indicated and be precise of what being said

front 36

Differentiate between combining form that are identical to their medical meaning and those that are not?

back 36

For example perri and para

peri- professional ( surgeon, nurse) and para-professional ( surgical tech students)

front 37

Why is spelling and pronunciations important in medical terminology?

back 37

To make sure that the professionals are on the same page and understand what been said

front 38

Compare and contrast a symptom and a sign?

back 38

A symptom is what you feel and a sign is physical

front 39

Explain the difference between acute, subacute and chronic disease?

back 39

Acute mean sudden and quick

sub acute mean less intensify

chronic= longer

front 40

Summarize the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

back 40

Anatomy is the study of body structure while study of body functions

front 41

Describe the functions of allied health professional inpatient care?

back 41

Allied health professionals support and carry out specific services ordered by physicians.

front 42

What is the role of a medical record in healthcare?

back 42

Processing outpatients and inpatient record, retrieve ,and storage

front 43

Explain the importance of electronic health record?

back 43

it emphasizes health maintenance and preventive care.

front 44

Divided the word pericarditis into its word part and Define it?

back 44

peri= around

cardi= heart

it's= inflammation

the inflammation of the heart

front 45

Identify where the following word containing a prefix tachy cardia?

back 45

tachy= fast

cadia= heart

fast heart beat

front 46

Build a magical term that mean inflammations of the stomach?

back 46

Gastritis

front 47

Give the term neurology determining the meaning of its combining form?

back 47

neu= nervous system

rology= study of

the study of the nervous system

front 48

Identify where the epic gastric referred to a region, plane or cavity?

back 48

region

front 49

if a patient has pain in the left lower quadrant what organ could be affected?

back 49

intestine

front 50

You hear the word Hepatomegaly what does this indicate?

back 50

hepa=liver

omegaly= enlargement

the enlargement of the liver

front 51

A healthcare provider used auscultations during an exams what are they doing?

back 51

they using an instrument ( stethoscope) to listen the sound of the body

front 52

How will you explain to a patient what proximal and distal mean?

back 52

proximal mean closer to the body to the center of the body while distal mean away from the body

front 53

Giving the word hypoglycemia predict the meaning based on its word part?

back 53

hypo= lower

glycemia= sugar

low blood sugar

front 54

Compare the coronal sagittal and transverse plane?

back 54

Corona plane is divided body into the front and back

sagittal plane divided the body into equal half right and left

transverse plane divided body into Superior and inferior

front 55

Analyze how different disease categories help physician diagnose illness

back 55

nspection, or visual examination of external services and internal cavities
– Palpation, or use of the fingers to feel masses and organs and detect tenderness
and pain
– Auscultation, or use of a stethoscope to listen to body sounds
– Percussion, or tapping over body cavities to hear what sounds are produced

front 56

If a word contain two combine form what does this indicate?

back 56

the names of that specific word body part developed into combining forms.

front 57

Distanguage between physician extender and Allied health professionals?

back 57

a physician extender are professionals that examine, diagnose, and treat patients, and some prescribe drugs. while for an allied health professionals are support and carry out specific services ordered by physicians.

front 58

Differential between a clinic and ambulatory Surgery Center?

back 58

A clinic provides healthcare services for just one type of patient or one type of disease. while for ambulatory center is s a facility where minor surgery is performed.

front 59

Evaluate the difference between a refractory disease and a terminal illness?

back 59

A refractory disease is one that is not being responded to treatment while a terminal illness is lead to death

front 60

Why might a hospital choose to implant an electronic health record system?

back 60

easier access to patient health record and also reduce medical error.

front 61

Access why some medical term have both Latin and Greek origins

back 61

Because that were the first to start naming body part ( inventor)

front 62

How do prefix relate to speed effect medical meaning for example brady tachy?

back 62

It help give a clue of what is it actions or the verb is doing for example brady= slow, bradycardia meaning slow heartbeat

front 63

A healthcare provider document a cute exacerbations patient chart what does this mean?

back 63

acute = sudden and quick

sudden worsening of an illness

front 64

Evaluate the benefit and drawback of using electronic health record in modern Healthcare?

back 64

easy access to doctors, reduce medical error

front 65

Analyze the impact of medical terminology on patient communications. how can Healthcare professional ensure understanding?

back 65

by explaining in simple term and always asking for comprehensive method such as the teach back method

front 66

Compare the role of different medical professional in the healthcare System and how do they work together to provide comprehensive care?

back 66

the MD is the one that in charge of the team such a nurse, st etc and the Md would leads the team members and directs their activities and they would work together let's say in an operation to provide efficient care to patient.

front 67

Propose a new way to teach medical terminology to students were struggling with memorizations?

back 67

created a quiz where u can play multiple times to try to remember, use repetition, try writing it down without looking into your note, work with a study buddy, try to explain to family members etc

front 68

Create a short mnemonic or strategy to help remember medical prefixes and suffixes?

back 68

note card

front 69

Greek singular and plural

back 69

Is, nx, oma, on

Example iris = irides, phalanx = phalanges,

Carcinoma = carcinoma, ganglion = ganglia

front 70

Latin singular and plural

back 70

A, us, um, is, ex

Example vertebra = vertebrae, bronchus = bronchi, bacterium = bacteria, diagnosis = diagnoses, apex = apices

front 71

Ai stand for

back 71

Conditions of

front 72

Ism stand for

back 72

Disease from a specific cause

front 73

Osis stand for

back 73

Abnormal

front 74

Pathy stand for

back 74

Disease

front 75

Gram stand for

back 75

Picture

front 76

Graphy stand for

back 76

Recording

front 77

Metry stand for

back 77

Measurement

front 78

Scope stand for

back 78

Instruments use to examine

front 79

Scopy stand for

back 79

Process of using an instrument to examine

front 80

Tomy stand for

back 80

Cutting, making an incision

front 81

Iatry stand for

back 81

Medical treatment

front 82

Ics stand for

back 82

Practice

front 83

Ist stand for

back 83

Person who specializes in

front 84

An stand for

back 84

Without

front 85

Dys stand for

back 85

Painful

front 86

Degenerative stand for

back 86

Process of destroying of cell

front 87

Iatrogenic stand for

back 87

Medicine receiving by patient

front 88

Asc stand for

back 88

Ambulatory surgery center

front 89

Cc stand for

back 89

Cheif command

front 90

Cnm stand for

back 90

Certified nurse midwife

front 91

Crna stand for

back 91

Certified registered nurse anesthesia

front 92

D.C stand for

back 92

Doctor of chiropractor

front 93

D.D.S stand for

back 93

Doctor of dental surgery

front 94

D.O stand for

back 94

Doctor of osteopathy

front 95

D.P.M stand for

back 95

Doctor of podiatric medicine

front 96

D.S stand for

back 96

Discharge summary

front 97

Dx stand for

back 97

Diagnosis

front 98

ED stand for

back 98

Emergency department

front 99

EHR stand for

back 99

Electronic health record

front 100

EMR stand for

back 100

Electronic medical records

front 101

EPR

back 101

Electronic patient record

front 102

ER stand for

back 102

Emergency room

front 103

FH stand for

back 103

Family history

front 104

H&P stand for

back 104

History and physical

front 105

Hippa stand for

back 105

Health insurance portability and accountability act

front 106

HPI stand for

back 106

History of present illness

front 107

ICU

back 107

Intensive care unit

front 108

LPN stand for

back 108

Licensed pratIcal nurse

front 109

LVN stand for

back 109

Licensed vocational nurse

front 110

M.D stand for

back 110

Doctor of medicine

front 111

O.D stand for

back 111

Doctor of optometry

front 112

Pharm.D.

back 112

Doctor of pharmacy

front 113

PMH stand for

back 113

Past medical history

front 114

PT stand for

back 114

Physical therapy

front 115

R/O stand for

back 115

Rule out

front 116

ROS stand for

back 116

Review of system

front 117

SH stand for

back 117

Social History

front 118

SNF stand for

back 118

Skilled nursing facility

front 119

What does the prefix “brady-” mean?

back 119

Slow

front 120

The suffix “-itis” refers to:

back 120

Inflammation

front 121

The word root “cephal/o” refers to which body part?

back 121

Head

front 122

Which of the following prefixes means “within” or “inside”?

back 122

Endo

front 123

What does the prefix “tachy-” mean?

back 123

Fast

front 124

What does the prefix “hypo-” indicate?

back 124

Under

front 125

The combining form “erythr/o” means

back 125

Red

front 126

What does the suffix “-logy” mean?

back 126

Study of

front 127

The prefix “peri-” means:

back 127

Around

front 128

Which medical term correctly describes an inflammation of the stomach?

back 128

Gastritis

front 129

If a patient has “cyanosis,” what color change occurs in their skin?

back 129

Blue

front 130

The term “osteomalacia” refers to:

back 130

Hardening of the bones

front 131

Which term refers to a specialist who studies diseases?

back 131

Pathologist

front 132

What does “polyuria” mean?

back 132

Absence of urine

front 133

The prefix “retro-” means:

back 133

backward

front 134

If a patient has a “subcutaneous” injection, where is the medication administered?

back 134

Under the skin

front 135

A “nephrectomy” is a procedure to

back 135

Removal of the kidney

front 136

If a doctor prescribes a medication for “bradycardia,” what condition is being treated?

back 136

Slow heart beat

front 137

A patient with “dysphagia” would likely have trouble with

back 137

Difficult of swallowing

front 138

A patient diagnosed with “macrocephaly” has a:

back 138

Enlargement of the head

front 139

If a patient has “intercostal pain,” where is the pain located?

Enlargement of the head

back 139

between the rib

front 140

A patient suffering from “melanoma” most likely has a

back 140

Skin cancer

front 141

If a procedure is called “laparoscopy,” what does it involve?

back 141

An examination of the abdominal cavity with a scope

front 142

A patient with “quadriplegia” has paralysis affecting:

back 142

All four limbs

front 143

Which of the following conditions involves hardening of an artery?

back 143

Arteriosclerosis

front 144

What does “pneumonectomy” mean?

back 144

The removal of the lungs

front 145

A “gastroscopy” is performed to

back 145

Examine the stomach with a scope

front 146

What does the combining form “anter/o” refer to?

back 146

Back

front 147

The term “caud/o” is associated with which body direction?

back 147

Tail

front 148

The prefix “mono-” means

back 148

one

front 149

Which of the following prefixes refers to “four”?

back 149

Quad

front 150

The term “later/o” refers to

back 150

Side

front 151

The prefix “poly-” indicates:

back 151

Many

front 152

The prefix “uni-” means

back 152

One

front 153

“Peripher/o” is associated with

back 153

The center

front 154

What does “dist/o” refer to?

back 154

Away form the body

front 155

The term “ventr/o” refers to the

back 155

Front

front 156

“Proxim/o” is used to describe

back 156

Closer to the body

front 157

The prefix “tetra-” refers to

back 157

Three

front 158

The combining form “medi/o” is associated with

back 158

Middle of the body

front 159

Poster/o” refers to which anatomical direction?

back 159

Back

front 160

What does “intern/o” describe?

back 160

Structure inside of the body

front 161

The prefix “di-” means:

back 161

Two

front 162

If a structure is “super/o,” it is located

back 162

Above

front 163

What is the opposite of “extern/o”?

back 163

Internal

front 164

A doctor describes a patient’s wound as “ventral.” Where is the wound located?

back 164

In front of the body

front 165

A structure that is “proximal” to another is

back 165

Closer to the point of attachment

front 166

A disease affecting “viscer/o” would involve which part of the body?

back 166

Internal organs

front 167

A “pariet/o” membrane is found

back 167

Lining a body cavity

front 168

If a doctor says a fracture is located in the “distal femur,” where is the injury?

back 168

Near the knee

front 169

The term “poli/o” relates to which color?

back 169

gray

front 170

A patient with “melanosis” would have:

back 170

An excess of melanin in the skin

front 171

The term “xanth/o” describes what color?

back 171

yellow

front 172

Which four aseptic transfer steps are there?

back 172

  • know when it dirty
  • know how to clean
  • know how to sterile
  • keep those three items separately
  • remedy contamination ASAP

front 173

What is cleaning?

back 173

Cleaning to remove soil

front 174

What is disinfecting?

back 174

Ability to kill microorganism with the exceptions of Spore

front 175

What is sterilization?

back 175

completely killed all microorganism

front 176

What is sterility maintenance?

back 176

Ability to understand that microorganisms are in the environment

front 177

What is a pathogen?

back 177

A microorganism that can cause disease

front 178

What are the three lines of defense in the human body?

back 178

Skin, hair, nails

front 179

Name three types of microorganisms that can cause infections.

back 179

Bacteria, fungi, viruses

front 180

What is the purpose of the Gram stain in microbiology?

back 180

To differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

front 181

What does the Gram stain reveal about bacteria?

back 181

It shows their shape and structures

front 182

Define biofilm formation?

back 182

Germs stick to surfaces and form a protective layer

front 183

Why is biofilm formation significant in healthcare settings?

back 183

It makes infections harder to treat

front 184

What is the difference between nonpathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms?

back 184

Nonpathogenic cannot cause diseases while for pathogenic can cause disease.

front 185

Describe the four phases of bacterial growth.

back 185

Lag, log phase, stationary phase, death phase .

front 186

Why are bacterial spores resistant to sterilization techniques?

back 186

They have a protective coating layer

front 187

How do viruses replicate inside a host?

back 187

By injecting their genetic material into host cells

front 188

What are aerobic and anaerobic bacteria?

back 188

Aerobic need oxygen; anaerobic do not

front 189

How do aerobic and anaerobic bacteria differ?

back 189

By their ability to survive with or without oxygen

front 190

What infection control procedures should a surgical technologist follow?

back 190

Cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, maintaining sterility

front 191

What symptoms might a patient with a systemic infection exhibit?

back 191

Fever, chills, fatigue

front 192

How should a healthcare worker use knowledge of antibiotic resistance?

back 192

By choosing the right antibiotic and avoiding unnecessary use

front 193

How do prions differ from other microorganisms?

back 193

They are proteinaceous agents with no DNA or RNA

front 194

What are possible causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

back 194

Poor hand hygiene, contaminated equipment, weakened immune systems

front 195

Compare bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths.

back 195

Bacteria and fungi are cellular; viruses are non-cellular

front 196

  • Why might antimicrobial therapy be more effective for bacteria than viruses?

back 196

Bacteria are living and have targetable parts

front 197

What is quorum sensing in bacteria?

back 197

A process where bacteria communicate using chemical signals

front 198

Why is sterilization critical in surgical settings?

back 198

It kills germs on tools, preventing infections

front 199

What risks do perioperative personnel face regarding infectious agents?

back 199

Blood pathogens, airborne pathogens, needle stick injuries

front 200

What are the key components of infection control in the operating room?

back 200

  • Cleaning to remove soil
  • Disinfecting to kill most germs
  • Sterilizing to completely kill microorganisms
  • Maintaining sterility to prevent transmission

front 201

What are the symptoms of systemic versus localized infections?

back 201

Systemic infection symptoms:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Fatigue

Localized infection symptoms:

  • Redness
  • Pus
  • Pain

front 202

What are the differences in reproduction among bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses?

back 202

  • Bacteria: Asexual reproduction (binary fission)
  • Fungi: Usually sexual reproduction
  • Protozoa: Mainly asexual reproduction
  • Viruses: Require a host for reproduction

front 203

What is the significance of antibiotic resistance in surgical settings?

back 203

  • Makes treating infections more difficult
  • Increases the risk of healthcare-associated infections
  • Requires careful selection of antibiotics

front 204

What are the phases of bacterial growth

back 204

  • Lag phase: No population growth
  • Log phase: Exponential growth
  • Stationary phase: Equilibrium
  • Death phase: Decline in population

front 205

What are the two categories of microorganisms?

back 205

Nonpathogens and Pathogens

front 206

Why are microorganisms necessary for our existence?

back 206

They aid in food development and waste decay

front 207

What are the three lines of defense in the human body?

back 207

  • First line: Intact barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
  • Second line: Prevention of microorganism proliferation (inflammatory response)
  • Third line: Resistance (active and passive immunity)

front 208

What constitutes the first line of defense in the body?

back 208

Intact barriers like skin and mucous membranes

front 209

What is included in the second line of defense?

back 209

Inflammatory response and antibody production

front 210

What is the third line of defense in the body?

back 210

Resistance through passive and active immunity

front 211

What are the stages of microorganism transformation to pathogens?

back 211

  • Transfer from one place to another
  • Lag phase
  • Exponential growth phase
  • Stationary phase
  • Death

front 212

What are the types of infectious processes in the body?

back 212

  • Localized infection
  • Regional spread
  • Systemic infection and sepsis
  • Symptoms and diagnosis
  • Resolution

front 213

Who is at high risk for exposure to infections?

back 213

Surgeons and surgical assistants

front 214

What are the main types of pathogenic microorganisms?

back 214

  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Prions
  • Fungi
  • Protozoa
  • Helminths

front 215

What is the size range of most bacterial cells?

back 215

1-2 microns

front 216

What is a spore in bacteria?

back 216

A resistant form of bacteria for survival

front 217

How are bacteria commonly classified?

back 217

  • By shape
  • By color change
  • By need for oxygen

front 218

What are the three main shapes of bacteria?

back 218

  • Cocci (spherical)
  • Bacilli (rod-shaped)
  • Spirilla (spiral-shaped)

front 219

What are the two groups of bacteria identified by the Gram stain?

back 219

Gram-positive and Gram-negative

front 220

What is the Gram stain procedure?

back 220

  • Crystal violet (primary stain)
  • Iodine (mordant)
  • Alcohol (decolorizer)
  • Safranin (counterstain)

front 221

What type of bacteria requires oxygen to grow?

back 221

Aerobic bacteria

front 222

What type of bacteria does not require oxygen?

back 222

Anaerobic bacteria

front 223

What are the temperature requirements for bacteria?

back 223

  • Psychrophiles: Cold temperatures (15-20°C)
  • Mesophiles: Moderate temperatures (20-45°C)
  • Thermophiles: Warm temperatures (50-70°C)

front 224

How do bacteria reproduce?

back 224

By dividing through binary fission

front 225

How often do bacteria reproduce?

back 225

Approximately every 20 minutes

front 226

What are common viral diseases?

back 226

  • Smallpox
  • Rabies
  • Influenza
  • Measles
  • AIDS

front 227

What are the five distinct types of hepatitis viruses?

back 227

A, B, C, D, and E

front 228

Which hepatitis virus is often implicated in foodborne illnesses?

back 228

Hepatitis A

front 229

What is the significance of the Hepatitis B vaccine?

back 229

It is strongly recommended for technicians

front 230

What does HIV cause?

back 230

AIDS

front 231

How does understanding microorganisms help in healthcare?

back 231

  • Prevent reproduction
  • Control transmission
  • Destroy microorganisms
  • Protect patients and employees

front 232

What are the characteristics of viruses?

back 232

  • Minute infectious agents
  • Grow only in living tissue
  • About 1000 times smaller than bacteria

front 233

What is the impact of bacteria on the operating room department?

back 233

  • Potential for infections
  • Need for sterilization
  • Importance of hygiene practices

front 234

What virus causes AIDS?

back 234

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

front 235

When does HIV occur in the body?

back 235

When the virus enters the bloodstream

front 236

What are the benefits of understanding microorganisms?

back 236

  • Prevent reproduction
  • Control transmission
  • Destroy microorganisms
  • Protect patients and employees

front 237

What is a prion?

back 237

A proteinaceous infectious particle

front 238

What disease is associated with prions?

back 238

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

front 239

How are prions deactivated?

back 239

On contaminated items

front 240

What is a characteristic of fungi?

back 240

Inability to photosynthesize

front 241

How do fungi typically grow?

back 241

As a mold

front 242

How are fungi transmitted?

back 242

By direct contact

front 243

What substance is found in the cell walls of fungi?

back 243

Chitin

front 244

How can fungal infections spread?

back 244

From person to person or contaminated surfaces

front 245

What is another name for a fungal infection?

back 245

Mycosis

front 246

How do fungi reproduce?

back 246

By releasing spores

front 247

Where do fungal infections most likely affect the body?

back 247

Skin, nails, or lungs

front 248

What is athlete’s foot also known as?

back 248

Tinea pedis

front 249

What causes athlete’s foot?

back 249

Dermatophytes in warm, humid areas

front 250

How can athlete’s foot be spread?

back 250

From contaminated surfaces like showers

front 251

What is jock itch also known as?

back 251

Tinea cruris

front 252

Where does jock itch primarily affect?

back 252

Groin area, inner thighs, and buttocks

front 253

What is ringworm also known as?

back 253

Tinea corporis

front 254

What areas of the body does ringworm affect?

back 254

Skin and scalp

front 255

What is a yeast infection caused by?

back 255

Candida albicans

front 256

Where can yeast infections occur?

back 256

Skin, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract

front 257

What is toenail fungus also known as?

back 257

Tinea unguium

front 258

What are protozoans?

back 258

Unicellular and heterotrophic organisms

front 259

What environments do protozoa inhabit?

back 259

Moist and aquatic environments

front 260

What are helminths?

back 260

Parasites in humans and animals

front 261

What are the three types of helminths that infect humans?

back 261

Roundworms, flukes, tapeworms

front 262

What are roundworms scientifically known as?

back 262

Nematodes

front 263

What do flukes generally infect?

back 263

Bile ducts, liver, or blood

front 264

What are tapeworms also known as?

back 264

Cestodes

front 265

What is the primary function of infection control?

back 265

Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization

front 266

What is the purpose of antimicrobial therapy?

back 266

To treat infections caused by microorganisms

front 267

What is selective toxicity in antimicrobial therapy?

back 267

Injures microorganisms without harming host cells

front 268

What does bioterrorism represent?

back 268

A threat for which EDs are ill prepared

front 269

What are the six basic steps identified for bioterrorism response?

back 269

Lockdown, protect personnel, decontaminate, isolate

front 270

What is the role of DNA in identifying microorganisms?

back 270

Identification through intracellular DNA

front 271

What are the three lines of defense against disease?

back 271

Physical, chemical, and biological barriers

front 272

How can microorganisms pose a threat?

back 272

They can infect patients and employees

front 273

What are the common types of fungal infections?

back 273

  • Athlete’s foot
  • Jock itch
  • Ringworm
  • Yeast infection
  • Onychomycosis (nail infection)

front 274

What are the characteristics of helminths?

back 274

  • Parasites in humans and animals
  • Found in immigrant communities or rural areas
  • Three main types: roundworms, flukes, tapeworms

front 275

What are the principles of antimicrobial therapy?

back 275

  • Inhibition of cell wall or protein synthesis
  • Use in perioperative patients
  • Routes of antibiotic administration
  • Therapeutic or prophylactic use

front 276

What are the infection control services?

back 276

  • Cleaning
  • Disinfection
  • Sterilization
  • Sterility maintenance

front 277

What does ABHES stand for?

back 277

Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools

front 278

What is the role of ABHES?

back 278

It is a nonprofit accrediting body

front 279

What does NBSTSA stand for?

back 279

National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting

front 280

What is the function of NBSTSA?

back 280

It certifies surgical technology professionals

front 281

What types of training programs are available for surgical technologists?

back 281

Vocational, 2-year, 4-year, military programs

front 282

What is required for certification by NBSTSA?

back 282

Must meet eligibility requirements.

front 283

What does CST stand for?

back 283

Certified Surgical Technologist

front 284

What does NCCT stand for?

back 284

National Center for Competency Testing

front 285

What does the NCCT require from applicants?

back 285

Scrub experience with 150 validated surgical cases

front 286

What is a requirement for NCCT applicants regarding education?

back 286

Must have a high school diploma

front 287

What is one way to qualify for NCCT certification?

back 287

Graduate from an accredited surgical program.

front 288

What credential do applicants receive after passing the NCCT exam?

back 288

Tech in Surgery–Certified (TS-C)

front 289

What is required for maintaining NCCT certification?

back 289

Continuing education credits.

front 290

What does continuing education provide for professionals?

back 290

Opportunity to improve knowledge and competency

front 291

What organization provides resources for continuing education credits?

back 291

Association of Surgical Technologists (AST)

front 292

What are the levels of the Clinical Ladder Program established by AST?

back 292

  • Level 1: Entry-level
  • Level 2: Proficient
  • Level 3: Expert

front 293

What is the role of a surgical technologist in the scrub role?

back 293

Member of the sterile team delivering surgical care.

front 294

What are the responsibilities of a circulator/assistant circulator?

back 294

Prepare nonsterile equipment and assist with patients.

front 295

What is one task of the second assistant?

back 295

Retraction

front 296

What are some other perioperative responsibilities of surgical technologists?

back 296

Emergency duty, patient care, leadership.

front 297

What does CST stand for in career opportunities?

back 297

Certified Surgical Technologist

front 298

What is one career opportunity for a CST

back 298

Facility-based technologist

front 299

What is a key attribute of a professional?

back 299

High standard of accountability and ethics.

front 300

What is a foundation of professionalism?

back 300

Personal integrity and respect for laws

front 301

What personal attribute is important for success in surgical technology?

back 301

Care and empathy

front 302

What is the historical role of nurses before WWII in surgical technology?

back 302

Nurses acted as surgical assistants.

front 303

What is one personal attribute for success in surgical technology?

back 303

Organizational skills

front 304

What does professional trust mean?

back 304

Being trustworthy and responsible in all areas

front 305

What organization created the Association of Operating Room Technicians (AORT)?

back 305

Association of Operating Room Nurses (AORN)

front 306

What significant event occurred in 1970 for surgical technologists?

back 306

The first certifying exam was administered.

front 307

What does CAAHEP stand for?

back 307

Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs

front 308

What is the role of ARC/STSA?

back 308

Recommends accreditation of surgical technology programs

front 309

What does the Clinical Ladder program define?

back 309

Specific levels of practice for surgical technologists

front 310

What is the primary focus of the profession of surgical technology?

back 310

To assist in surgical procedures.

front 311

What is the significance of the Korean War for surgical technology?

back 311

Nursing shortages led to corpsmen circulating.

front 312

What does CST/CFA stand for?

back 312

Certified Surgical Technologist/Certified First Assistant

front 313

What is material management in surgical technology?

back 313

Management of cleaning and sterilization of instruments

front 314

What does the AST provide for surgical technologists?

back 314

Resources for continuing education credits.

front 315

What is the importance of personal integrity in surgical technology?

back 315

It reflects accountability and respect for others.

front 316

What is the role of the surgical technologist in the sterile team?

back 316

To deliver direct surgical care and maintain sterility.

front 317

What is the significance of the AST's code of ethics?

back 317

It guides the professional conduct of surgical technologists.

front 318

What is the role of the surgical technologist in patient care?

back 318

To assist with patient positioning and preparation.

front 319

What is the importance of continuing education for surgical technologists?

back 319

It helps maintain competency and knowledge.

front 320

What is the role of the surgical technologist in the operating room?

back 320

To assist in surgical procedures and maintain sterility.

front 321

What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in emergencies?

back 321

They must respond effectively to surgical emergencies.

front 322

What is the role of the surgical technologist in managing surgical instruments?

back 322

To prepare, pass, and maintain instruments during surgery.

front 323

What is the importance of teamwork in surgical technology?

back 323

It ensures effective collaboration during surgeries.

front 324

What is the role of the surgical technologist in patient safety?

back 324

To ensure a sterile environment and proper procedures.

front 325

What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in patient education?

back 325

To provide information about surgical procedures and care.

front 326

What is the role of the surgical technologist in postoperative care?

back 326

To assist with patient recovery and care.

front 327

What is the importance of communication in surgical technology?

back 327

It ensures clear information exchange among team members.

front 328

What is the role of the surgical technologist in quality assurance?

back 328

To ensure compliance with safety and quality standards.

front 329

What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in infection control?

back 329

To maintain a sterile environment and prevent infections.

front 330

What is the role of the surgical technologist in surgical planning?

back 330

To assist in preparing for surgical procedures.

front 331

What is the role of the surgical technologist in ethical decision-making?

back 331

To uphold ethical standards in surgical practice.

front 332

What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in patient advocacy?

back 332

To ensure patient rights and safety during surgery.

front 333

What is the role of the surgical technologist in interdisciplinary collaboration?

back 333

To work effectively with other healthcare professionals.

front 334

What is the importance of adaptability in surgical technology?

back 334

To respond effectively to changing surgical situations.

front 335

What is the importance of professionalism in surgical technology?

back 335

It reflects the commitment to quality patient care.

front 336

What is the role of the surgical technologist in research and development?

back 336

To contribute to advancements in surgical technology.

front 337

What is the significance of the surgical technologist's role in community service?

back 337

To promote health and wellness in the community.

front 338

What does retraction mean?

back 338

Pulling back or withdrawal

front 339

What is the study of cell called?

back 339

Cytology

front 340

What does blessing mean in medical term?

back 340

Reduction or diminution

front 341

What does metastasis mean ?

back 341

The spread of a disease

front 342

Which hepatitis viruses if often implicate in skin diseases?

back 342

Hepatitis c

front 343

Which type of hepatitis virus implications the liver ?

back 343

B and D