Electron transport is when electrons are carried by reduced coenzyme (NADH and FADH₂) are passed through a _______ and conenzymes to drive the generation of a proton gradient across the _________

-chain of proteins

- inner mitochondrial membrane

The proton gradient drives the synthesis of ATP

Oxidative phosphorylation

The complexes allow for the flow of

electrons through these complexes

(Δℰo‘ = ℰo‘ (acceptor) - ℰo‘(donor)) .

-Acceptors are located above the chart and accept electrons (more + numbers)

- Donors are located below the chart and donate electrons

(more - numbers)

Complex 1 makes

4 H⁺

Complex 3 makes

4 H⁺

Complex 4 makes

2 H⁺

Learn this chart

PLZZZ

Complex I: NADH-UQ reductase

NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase pumps

4 H⁺ across mitochondria inner membrane

Complex 1 is reduced by_____, and oxidized by______

- NADH

-Coenyme Q

Ubiquinone contains no

electrons

Ubisemiquinone contains

1 electron

Ubiquinol contains

all 2 electrons

Complex 1 transports H⁺ from

matrix to cytosol

__H⁺ are transported from the matrix across the _____membrane to the cytosolic side

-4

-inner

Is a component of e- transport complex 2

Succinate DH

Complex 2 utilized Fe-S clusters and hemes to move electrons from

reduced FADH₂ to W, forming QH₂

No proton transport occurs at complex 2 as electrons are

passed from succinate to QH₂

Starts at coenzyme Q and ends at cytochrome C oxidoreductase

-complex 3

Complex 3 results in QH₂ is _____, and ______by Cyt C.

-reduced

-oxidized

In complex 3, QH_{2_____}electrons, and Cyt C_____electrons from complex 3.

-bringing

-taking

CoQ passes electrons to cyt c in a redox cycle known as

Q cycle

The principle transmembrane in complex 3 is the

b cytochromes- with heme b_L and b_H

The path electrons take through complex 3

Q cycle

1. UQH2-> Rieske Fe-S-> Cyt C (release 2H+, leaves UQ)

2. 1e- transferred from UQ. to b_L heme then to b_H heme

Oxidation process occurs in these 2 steps (first half)

1. 2nd UQH2 is oxidized same way as first half

2. However after electron is transferred to b_h heme, it is transferred to QH.- to reform UQH2 (release 2 H+

second half of q-cycle

Cytochrome c is a

mobile e- carrier

Cytochrome c is the only mitochondrial cytochrome that is _____soluable, important because it shuttles electrons from complex 3 to complex 4 by _____associating with the inner mitochondrial membrane

-water

-loosely

Complex 4 cytochrome C oxidase pumps

2H+ across mitochondrial inner membrane

Complex 4 is reduced by____ and oxidized by______. Electron carriers are ______ and______

-Cyt C

-O₂

-cytochromes and Cu

Free radicals are

dangerous

.OH (hydroyl) and O₂.- (superoxide radicals)

Extremely reactive free radicals

Complex 4 transfers electrons in ________. This shields the rest of the cell from____

-batches of 4

-reactive intermediates

What is the result of the oxidation of NADH and FADH₂?

-NADH-10H+ are pumped out of matrix into IMS

-FADH₂-6H+ are pumped out of matrix into IMS

This mechanism stores the energy of electron transport in an electrochemical potential: pH rises and matrix becomes

negatively charged as compare to cytosol

Protons are highly attracted back to the interior of the matrix and the energetically favorable electrochemical

gradient drives synthesis of ATP

Good summary

NADH has ___ATP transport of H+

2.5

FADH₂ has _____ATP transport of H+

1.5

H+ will be pumped from matrix to IMS if rotating

clockwise direction

Rotation of the c-ring delivers protons to the outlet

half channel in the a-subunit

Flow of protons through structure turns the rotor and drives cycle of conformational changes in

B that synthesize ATP

Aspartic acid is buried in a ______ core, where proton cannot be released.

hydrophobic

Each 120 degree rotation equal

1 ATP

Each 3x120 degrees so,

3 ATPs are made

KNow thissss

.....

ATP must be transported out of

the mitochondria

ATP is ____ and ADP is ___ in translocase

-out

-in

ATP movement out is favored because the cytosol is + relative to the

- matrix

So every ATP transported costs

one H+

1ATP=

4H+

ATP synthesis diagram

Cycle 1 of Q-cycle

Cycle 2 of Q cycle

Complex 1 diagram

Complex 2 diagram

Complex 3 and 4 diagram