Why is it important to keep books, coats and packs away from lab tables and chairs?

All of the above

What should you do before starting any lab exercise

Wash hands with soap and warm water

How should you hand a culture spill in the lab

Report to the instructor for proper disinfectant procedure

Which of the following not allowed in the lab

eating food

what personal protective equimen is recommened in the lab

all of the above- eye protection, lab coats and gloves

how should inoculation loops and needles be treated befroe and after use

flamed

what should be done to prevent aerosols when using needles and loops

flame and cool them properly before use

how should test tubes and other culture vessels be handled to maintain sterility

flame the mouth of the vessels

where should contaminated disposable waste be discarded

in the autoclavable bags

what must students do at the beginning of the term regarding lab safety rules

sign a copy of the laboratory safety agreement

what is meant by the term aseptic technique

techniques to avoid contamination

where should you label your agar plates and how should they be stored

on the bottom and stored upside down

why should you wait for your loop to completely cool before attempting a bacterial transfer

to avoid killing the bacteria

how do you prevent air contamination of agar plates if they are not flamed

keep the lid partially closed

when you remove the lid of a test tube or agar plate is it ok to set it on a clean work bench whule you re ove or add bacteria

false

the opening of the test tubes and the lid should be passed through the flame before the lid is replace on the tube

true

it is ok for one group member to hod a test tube while another member extracts bacteria from it for a transfer

false

what should be done to the workspace before starting bacterial transfers?

clean it with bench disinfectant or bleach and remove clutter

why should bacterial transfers be done close to the flame of a bunsen burner

to reduce contamination from airborne microbes

how should test tubes be handled to prevent spills

hold the tube and not the cap

what is the correct way to mix broth cultures before transfer

swirl the tube in your hand

what should be done to the inoculating loop before picking up cells

allow it to completely cool after flaming

how should the cap of a test tube be handled during a bacterial transfer

grasp it between the ring and pinky fingers and the palm

what should be done if a spill occurs during bacterial transfer

clean it up immediately with 10% bleach or bench disinfectant

hwo should bacterial cultures be labeled

on the bottom of the plate

what is the purpose of the ubiquity exercise

to illustrate the variety of bacteria from a source of your choosing

what can be used for the initial isolation of your sample besides a dry sterile swab

a moist swab

what should you do after dipping the sterile swab into sterile saline or water

push the swab against the side of the test tube to squeeze excess water

what is used to isolate bacteria from a source of your choosing

a dry sterile swab

what type of agar is used for streaking plate technique

nutrient or tryticase agar

at what temperature should the plates be incubated

37 c

for how long should the plates be incubated

24 to 36 hrs

what should you do after the incubation period

observe the plate for growth

what is the primary purpose of the gram stain technique

to differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria

which of the following is the primary stain used in the gram stain technique

crystal violet

what is the role of iodine in the gram stain process

to act as a mordant and fix the crystal violet stain

what color do gram positive bacteria appear after the gram stain procedure

purple

what cell wall component does the decolorizing agent in the gram stain technique effect

peptidoglycan

which of the following is used as the counterstain in the gram stain technique

safrarin

what is the typical shape of cocci bacteria

spherical

how are bacteria arranged in a streptococci formation

in chains

what is the approximate size range of most bacteria

1 to 10 micrometers

what is one of the most important steps in identifying a new bacteria or one isolated from a patients specimen

noting colony morphology

what can cause variations in colony morphology

nutrients present in various media or incubation conditions

which bacteria are not cultured in the lab due to being pathogens or having unavailable growth conditions

mycobacterium, mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia

why are mycoplasma species pleomorphic

they have no cell wall

what is the purpose of the acid fast stain

to identify mycobacterium and related bacteria

what is used to stain the waxy cell wall of mycobacterium in the acid fast stain

carbolfuchsin

what is the function of bacterial capsules in some strains

to protect the microbe from host defense mechanisms

what staining technique is used to visualize bacterial flagella

special staining techniques with a stain and mordant

which genera of bacteria are most characteristics of endospore formation

bacillus and clostridium

what stain is used to visualize endospores in bacillus cultures

malachite green

what is the purpose of perfroming gram stains on organisms after observing colony morphology

identify some cell wall components and cellular morphology

what special stains are available for identifying bacterial surface structures or internal components

capsule stain and flagella stain

what unique component in the cell wall ofmycobacterium prevents it from staining with simple and gram stain

mycolic acids

what is the counterstain used in the acid fas stain to visualize non acid fast bacteria

methylene blue

why is acid fast stain important for diagnosing mycobacterial diseases

mycobacterium grows very slowly in culture

what is the purpose of using a mordant in flagella staining

to increase the diameter of the flagella for viewing

what is the apperance of endosores after staining with malachite green and safranin

green in red bacterial cells

what is the purpose of the science of taxonomy

to classify and name organisms

which of the following domains contains orgamisms with prokaryotic cells

both b and c

in the hierarchical taxonominc system similar species are placed into the same

genus

what distinguishes the bacterial phyla firmicutes and actinobacteria

the percentage of guanine and cytosine bases in their DNA

which of the following genera is not part of the firmicutes phylum

mycobacterium

what is unique about the metabolic strategy of cynobacteria

they utilize oxygenic photosynthesis

which genus with proteobacteria phylum is known for nitrogen fixation

rhizobium

what is the unique about the cell walls of bacteria in the phylum chlaydiae

they have little or no peptidoglycan

what materials are needed to study the morphology of key bacterial genera

prepared slides microscopes and staining materials for

what should be included on the flashcards for each bacterial phylum

the phylum name characteristics and names of key genera

which phylum has a gram positive reaction and a low g&c content in dna

firmicutes

what is the dominant metabolic strategy of actinobacteria

chemoheterotrophy

which key genera belong to the firmicutes phylum

bacillus clostridium lactobacillus

what is unique about the cell walls of bacteria in the chlamydiae phylum

they lack peptidoglycan

which phylum includes bacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis

cynaobacteria

which is key genus is part of the actinobacteria phylum

mycobacterium

what is the gram reation of proteobacteria

negative

which phylum is known for its highly diverse genera

proteobacteria

which key genus is associated with the cyanobacteria phylum

anabaena

what is the dominant metabolic strategy of cyanobacteria

oxygenic photosynthesis

which genus is common in soil and forms endospores

bacillus

which genus is known for lactic acid oroduction and is important in food production

lactobacillus

which genus is associated with the human gut and includes both normal microbiota and some human pathogens

escherichia

which genus is known for its resistant waxy cell wall and includes pathogens that cause tuberculosis and leprosy

mycobacteria

which genus is found in root noodules of plantsand is involved in nitrogen fixation

rhizobium

which genus is a common toxic food contaminant and obligate anaerobe

clostridium

which genus is known for fillamentous growth and is a source of manyantibiotics

streptomyces

which genus performs oxygenic photosyntheses and nitrogen fixation

anabaena

which genus lacks peptidoglycan in its cell walls and includes many human pathogens

bacillus

which genus has flagella on both ends and is found in stagnant water

spirillum

what charge do most bacterial stains have

postive

what is the purpose of negative stains like congo red and india inl

to stain the background

what is the total magnification when using a 10x ocular and a 100x objective

1000x

at what magnification will you not see indivudual bacteria

less than 400x

what is the function of the condenser in a microscope

to focus light on the specimen

what does the term parfocal mean in microscopy

the specimen will almost be in focus when changing objectives

how are staphylococcus bacteria arranged

clusters of spherical bacteria

what is the function of immersion oil in microscopy

to improve resolution by matching the refractive index of glass

what is the function of the condenser in a micrscope

to focus the light on the specimen

what is the purpose of immersion oil when using the 100x objective

to improve resolution of

what is the function of the iris diaphragm in a microscope

to control the amount of light passing through the

why do you intially focus on the wax pencil mark

to ensure the slide is in the correct position

what does streptococcus refer to

chains of spherical bacteria

where do discard used slides in the lab

in a designated sharps container

what is the primary instrument for viewing bacteria in lab

compound microscope

how is the total magnification calculated

objective ocular

what happens to the working distance as the magnifying power of the lens increases

it decrease

what does rp resolution refer to in microscopy

ability to distinguish two points as separate

what is the numerical aperture na of a lens

the light gathering capacity of the lens

how should a microscope be carried

with both hands one holding the arm and one under the base

what should be used to clean the oculars objectives and condenser lenses

lens cleaner

what should be done at the end of each microscope session

remove the slide wipe oil and place the scanning objective in a vertical position

what is purpose of staining in microbiology

to increase contrast between bacteria and the slide

what is the first step in a smear preparation from the plate or brothq

begin with a clean and dry slide

what stain isused in the simple stain procedure

methylene blue or safranin

what is th epurpose of the negative stain procedure

to stain the background and leave the bacteria unstained

what is used to spread the drop of bacteria and stain in the negative stain procedure

the edge of a second clean slie

what is the purpose of a wet mount

to observe living organisms in a liquid environment

what should be used to cover the drop of hay infusion liquid in a wet mount

a coverslip

what should be done if a gram positive organisms are staining as gram negative

lengthen the crystal violet and mordant step and shorten the decolorizer step

what is the possible cause if no organism is visible

overheating the smear

what could cause organisms to appear clumped on a slide

too many organisms on a slide

if the smear appears granular under oil what might be the cause

lens is dirty or condenser is too low

what should be done if gram positive organisms appear pink

use fresh culture

what could causee gram negative organisms to appear blue

improper decolorization of