front 1 Why is it important to keep books, coats and packs away from lab tables and chairs? | back 1 All of the above |
front 2 What should you do before starting any lab exercise | back 2 Wash hands with soap and warm water |
front 3 How should you hand a culture spill in the lab | back 3 Report to the instructor for proper disinfectant procedure |
front 4 Which of the following not allowed in the lab | back 4 eating food |
front 5 what personal protective equimen is recommened in the lab | back 5 all of the above- eye protection, lab coats and gloves |
front 6 how should inoculation loops and needles be treated befroe and after use | back 6 flamed |
front 7 what should be done to prevent aerosols when using needles and loops | back 7 flame and cool them properly before use |
front 8 how should test tubes and other culture vessels be handled to maintain sterility | back 8 flame the mouth of the vessels |
front 9 where should contaminated disposable waste be discarded | back 9 in the autoclavable bags |
front 10 what must students do at the beginning of the term regarding lab safety rules | back 10 sign a copy of the laboratory safety agreement |
front 11 what is meant by the term aseptic technique | back 11 techniques to avoid contamination |
front 12 where should you label your agar plates and how should they be stored | back 12 on the bottom and stored upside down |
front 13 why should you wait for your loop to completely cool before attempting a bacterial transfer | back 13 to avoid killing the bacteria |
front 14 how do you prevent air contamination of agar plates if they are not flamed | back 14 keep the lid partially closed |
front 15 when you remove the lid of a test tube or agar plate is it ok to set it on a clean work bench whule you re ove or add bacteria | back 15 false |
front 16 the opening of the test tubes and the lid should be passed through the flame before the lid is replace on the tube | back 16 true |
front 17 it is ok for one group member to hod a test tube while another member extracts bacteria from it for a transfer | back 17 false |
front 18 what should be done to the workspace before starting bacterial transfers? | back 18 clean it with bench disinfectant or bleach and remove clutter |
front 19 why should bacterial transfers be done close to the flame of a bunsen burner | back 19 to reduce contamination from airborne microbes |
front 20 how should test tubes be handled to prevent spills | back 20 hold the tube and not the cap |
front 21 what is the correct way to mix broth cultures before transfer | back 21 swirl the tube in your hand |
front 22 what should be done to the inoculating loop before picking up cells | back 22 allow it to completely cool after flaming |
front 23 how should the cap of a test tube be handled during a bacterial transfer | back 23 grasp it between the ring and pinky fingers and the palm |
front 24 what should be done if a spill occurs during bacterial transfer | back 24 clean it up immediately with 10% bleach or bench disinfectant |
front 25 hwo should bacterial cultures be labeled | back 25 on the bottom of the plate |
front 26 what is the purpose of the ubiquity exercise | back 26 to illustrate the variety of bacteria from a source of your choosing |
front 27 what can be used for the initial isolation of your sample besides a dry sterile swab | back 27 a moist swab |
front 28 what should you do after dipping the sterile swab into sterile saline or water | back 28 push the swab against the side of the test tube to squeeze excess water |
front 29 what is used to isolate bacteria from a source of your choosing | back 29 a dry sterile swab |
front 30 what type of agar is used for streaking plate technique | back 30 nutrient or tryticase agar |
front 31 at what temperature should the plates be incubated | back 31 37 c |
front 32 for how long should the plates be incubated | back 32 24 to 36 hrs |
front 33 what should you do after the incubation period | back 33 observe the plate for growth |
front 34 what is the primary purpose of the gram stain technique | back 34 to differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria |
front 35 which of the following is the primary stain used in the gram stain technique | back 35 crystal violet |
front 36 what is the role of iodine in the gram stain process | back 36 to act as a mordant and fix the crystal violet stain |
front 37 what color do gram positive bacteria appear after the gram stain procedure | back 37 purple |
front 38 what cell wall component does the decolorizing agent in the gram stain technique effect | back 38 peptidoglycan |
front 39 which of the following is used as the counterstain in the gram stain technique | back 39 safrarin |
front 40 what is the typical shape of cocci bacteria | back 40 spherical |
front 41 how are bacteria arranged in a streptococci formation | back 41 in chains |
front 42 what is the approximate size range of most bacteria | back 42 1 to 10 micrometers |
front 43 what is one of the most important steps in identifying a new bacteria or one isolated from a patients specimen | back 43 noting colony morphology |
front 44 what can cause variations in colony morphology | back 44 nutrients present in various media or incubation conditions |
front 45 which bacteria are not cultured in the lab due to being pathogens or having unavailable growth conditions | back 45 mycobacterium, mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia |
front 46 why are mycoplasma species pleomorphic | back 46 they have no cell wall |
front 47 what is the purpose of the acid fast stain | back 47 to identify mycobacterium and related bacteria |
front 48 what is used to stain the waxy cell wall of mycobacterium in the acid fast stain | back 48 carbolfuchsin |
front 49 what is the function of bacterial capsules in some strains | back 49 to protect the microbe from host defense mechanisms |
front 50 what staining technique is used to visualize bacterial flagella | back 50 special staining techniques with a stain and mordant |
front 51 which genera of bacteria are most characteristics of endospore formation | back 51 bacillus and clostridium |
front 52 what stain is used to visualize endospores in bacillus cultures | back 52 malachite green |
front 53 what is the purpose of perfroming gram stains on organisms after observing colony morphology | back 53 identify some cell wall components and cellular morphology |
front 54 what special stains are available for identifying bacterial surface structures or internal components | back 54 capsule stain and flagella stain |
front 55 what unique component in the cell wall ofmycobacterium prevents it from staining with simple and gram stain | back 55 mycolic acids |
front 56 what is the counterstain used in the acid fas stain to visualize non acid fast bacteria | back 56 methylene blue |
front 57 why is acid fast stain important for diagnosing mycobacterial diseases | back 57 mycobacterium grows very slowly in culture |
front 58 what is the purpose of using a mordant in flagella staining | back 58 to increase the diameter of the flagella for viewing |
front 59 what is the apperance of endosores after staining with malachite green and safranin | back 59 green in red bacterial cells |
front 60 what is the purpose of the science of taxonomy | back 60 to classify and name organisms |
front 61 which of the following domains contains orgamisms with prokaryotic cells | back 61 both b and c |
front 62 in the hierarchical taxonominc system similar species are placed into the same | back 62 genus |
front 63 what distinguishes the bacterial phyla firmicutes and actinobacteria | back 63 the percentage of guanine and cytosine bases in their DNA |
front 64 which of the following genera is not part of the firmicutes phylum | back 64 mycobacterium |
front 65 what is unique about the metabolic strategy of cynobacteria | back 65 they utilize oxygenic photosynthesis |
front 66 which genus with proteobacteria phylum is known for nitrogen fixation | back 66 rhizobium |
front 67 what is the unique about the cell walls of bacteria in the phylum chlaydiae | back 67 they have little or no peptidoglycan |
front 68 what materials are needed to study the morphology of key bacterial genera | back 68 prepared slides microscopes and staining materials for |
front 69 what should be included on the flashcards for each bacterial phylum | back 69 the phylum name characteristics and names of key genera |
front 70 which phylum has a gram positive reaction and a low g&c content in dna | back 70 firmicutes |
front 71 what is the dominant metabolic strategy of actinobacteria | back 71 chemoheterotrophy |
front 72 which key genera belong to the firmicutes phylum | back 72 bacillus clostridium lactobacillus |
front 73 what is unique about the cell walls of bacteria in the chlamydiae phylum | back 73 they lack peptidoglycan |
front 74 which phylum includes bacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis | back 74 cynaobacteria |
front 75 which is key genus is part of the actinobacteria phylum | back 75 mycobacterium |
front 76 what is the gram reation of proteobacteria | back 76 negative |
front 77 which phylum is known for its highly diverse genera | back 77 proteobacteria |
front 78 which key genus is associated with the cyanobacteria phylum | back 78 anabaena |
front 79 what is the dominant metabolic strategy of cyanobacteria | back 79 oxygenic photosynthesis |
front 80 which genus is common in soil and forms endospores | back 80 bacillus |
front 81 which genus is known for lactic acid oroduction and is important in food production | back 81 lactobacillus |
front 82 which genus is associated with the human gut and includes both normal microbiota and some human pathogens | back 82 escherichia |
front 83 which genus is known for its resistant waxy cell wall and includes pathogens that cause tuberculosis and leprosy | back 83 mycobacteria |
front 84 which genus is found in root noodules of plantsand is involved in nitrogen fixation | back 84 rhizobium |
front 85 which genus is a common toxic food contaminant and obligate anaerobe | back 85 clostridium |
front 86 which genus is known for fillamentous growth and is a source of manyantibiotics | back 86 streptomyces |
front 87 which genus performs oxygenic photosyntheses and nitrogen fixation | back 87 anabaena |
front 88 which genus lacks peptidoglycan in its cell walls and includes many human pathogens | back 88 bacillus |
front 89 which genus has flagella on both ends and is found in stagnant water | back 89 spirillum |
front 90 what charge do most bacterial stains have | back 90 postive |
front 91 what is the purpose of negative stains like congo red and india inl | back 91 to stain the background |
front 92 what is the total magnification when using a 10x ocular and a 100x objective | back 92 1000x |
front 93 at what magnification will you not see indivudual bacteria | back 93 less than 400x |
front 94 what is the function of the condenser in a microscope | back 94 to focus light on the specimen |
front 95 what does the term parfocal mean in microscopy | back 95 the specimen will almost be in focus when changing objectives |
front 96 how are staphylococcus bacteria arranged | back 96 clusters of spherical bacteria |
front 97 what is the function of immersion oil in microscopy | back 97 to improve resolution by matching the refractive index of glass |
front 98 what is the function of the condenser in a micrscope | back 98 to focus the light on the specimen |
front 99 what is the purpose of immersion oil when using the 100x objective | back 99 to improve resolution of |
front 100 what is the function of the iris diaphragm in a microscope | back 100 to control the amount of light passing through the |
front 101 why do you intially focus on the wax pencil mark | back 101 to ensure the slide is in the correct position |
front 102 what does streptococcus refer to | back 102 chains of spherical bacteria |
front 103 where do discard used slides in the lab | back 103 in a designated sharps container |
front 104 what is the primary instrument for viewing bacteria in lab | back 104 compound microscope |
front 105 how is the total magnification calculated | back 105 objective ocular |
front 106 what happens to the working distance as the magnifying power of the lens increases | back 106 it decrease |
front 107 what does rp resolution refer to in microscopy | back 107 ability to distinguish two points as separate |
front 108 what is the numerical aperture na of a lens | back 108 the light gathering capacity of the lens |
front 109 how should a microscope be carried | back 109 with both hands one holding the arm and one under the base |
front 110 what should be used to clean the oculars objectives and condenser lenses | back 110 lens cleaner |
front 111 what should be done at the end of each microscope session | back 111 remove the slide wipe oil and place the scanning objective in a vertical position |
front 112 what is purpose of staining in microbiology | back 112 to increase contrast between bacteria and the slide |
front 113 what is the first step in a smear preparation from the plate or brothq | back 113 begin with a clean and dry slide |
front 114 what stain isused in the simple stain procedure | back 114 methylene blue or safranin |
front 115 what is th epurpose of the negative stain procedure | back 115 to stain the background and leave the bacteria unstained |
front 116 what is used to spread the drop of bacteria and stain in the negative stain procedure | back 116 the edge of a second clean slie |
front 117 what is the purpose of a wet mount | back 117 to observe living organisms in a liquid environment |
front 118 what should be used to cover the drop of hay infusion liquid in a wet mount | back 118 a coverslip |
front 119 what should be done if a gram positive organisms are staining as gram negative | back 119 lengthen the crystal violet and mordant step and shorten the decolorizer step |
front 120 what is the possible cause if no organism is visible | back 120 overheating the smear |
front 121 what could cause organisms to appear clumped on a slide | back 121 too many organisms on a slide |
front 122 if the smear appears granular under oil what might be the cause | back 122 lens is dirty or condenser is too low |
front 123 what should be done if gram positive organisms appear pink | back 123 use fresh culture |
front 124 what could causee gram negative organisms to appear blue | back 124 improper decolorization of |