What is pharmacokinetics

what the human body does to the drug

What is pharmacodynamics

what the drug does to the body

When a drug is given IV, what is not required?

absorption

Most drug absorption occurs in the

small intestine because of the large surface area and permeable membrane

After gut absorption, the drug enters the

portal vein and travels to the liver

Define passive diffusion

movement of drugs from an area of high concentration (the gut) to an area of lower concentration (the blood)

Active transport occurs when

drugs are moved across the gut wall via transporter proteins that are normally used to absorb nutrients from food

Define disintegration

when a solid oral dosage breaks into smaller pieces in the GI tract

The smaller pieces in the disintegration process then dissolve and the active ingredient is released from the dosage from, this process is called

dissolution

The rate of dissolution is called

Noyes-Whitney equation

SL and ODT formulations generally have

fast absorption

Rate of absorption by dosage form (fastest to slowest)

IV --> SL --> ODT --> immediate-release tablet --> ER tablets

Define bioavailability

extent of drug absorption into the systemic circulation

Bioavailability is reported as a percentage and reflects the

percentage of drug absorbed from extravascular (oral) compared to intravascular administration (IV)

A drug with good absorption has _______ while a drug with poor absorption has _____

high bioavailability (> 70%), low bioavailability (<10%)

What is the calculation for absolute bioavailability

F%= 100 x AUC extravascular/AUC intravenous x Dose intravenous/ Dose extravascular

Define distribution

NOT DONE