monomers of nucleic acids

nucleotides

elements found in carbohydrates

carbon, hydrogen , oxygen

1:2:1 ratio

elements found in nucleic acids

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen and phosphorus

elements found in proteins

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

6 most common elements in living things

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur

elements found in lipids

carbon, hydrogen , oxygen

lipids

made up of fatty acids

store energy

insulation

form cell membrane (phospholipids)

monomer

1 unit

the building block of larger molecules

(like a brick in a brick wall)

carbohydrates

macromolecule made up of monosaccharides

includes sugars and starches

used for energy

proteins

macromolecule made up of amino acids

acts as enzymes, form hair, nails, skin, helps in movement of muscles

(communication, identification, structure)

nucleic acids

macromolecule made up of nucleotides

carries genetic information

DNA and RNS

monomer of lipids

fatty acids

monomer of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

monomer of proteins

amino acids

polymer

large molecule made up of many units

brick wall would be the large molecule made up of smaller units of bricks

enzyme

proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living orgranisms

names end in -ase

activation energy

the amount of energy needed to get a reaction started

active site

the spot on an enzyme that binds the substrate

substrate

the molecule an enzyme acts upon

primary protein structure

the sequence of amino acids (chain)

secondary structure of proteins

the bending or helical shape of protein strand

tertiary structure of protein

the unique 3-D shape of a protein

When it become functional

Structure determines function

quaternary structure of proteins

two or more polypeptide chains working together as a functional protein

example: hemoglobin

disaccharide

composed of two sugars

(sucrose)

polysaccharide

carbohydrate composed of many sugars

starch and cellulose

factors that affect enzymes

pH

temperature

co-enzymes

inhibitors