what are the upper arm regions

shoulder
axilla
arm
cubital fossa

what surface of the elbow is the cubital fossa

anterior

where does the pectoral girdle wrap around

axial skeleton

what does the pectoral girdle articulate with

humerus

what consists the bony architecture of the deltoid region

pectoral girdle
humerus

what bones are part of the pectoral girdle

clavicle
scapula

what does the spine of the scapula end in

acromion proces

where is the acromion process

seen most laterally

where is the coracoid process

seen most anteriorly, serves as attachment point for some muscles

where is the greater tubercle on the humerus

more lateral

where is the lesser tubercle on the humberus

more medial

what is between the greater and lesser tubercles

intratrabecular groove/sulcus

what are the anterior axioappendicular muscles

pec major
pec minor
subclavius
serratus anterior

a. subclavius
b. pec major
c. serratus anterior

a. serratus anterior

a. descending part of trapezius
b. middle part of trapezius
c. deltoid
d. teres major
e. ascending part of trapezius
f. latissimus dorsi
g. teres major
h. rhomboid major
i. rhomboid minor
j. levator scapulae
k. teres minor

what is the action of the anterior axioappendicular msucles

move pectoral girdle

where does pec major insert

anterior humerus

what are the actions of pec marjo

adduction and flexion of arm

depress scapula also

a. sternocostal head of pec major
b. clavicular head of pec major

what levels does the pec major clavicular head use

C5-C6 (lateral pectoral , but not C7)

what levels does the sternocostal pec major head use

C7-T1 (C7 lateral and medial pectoral n)

where does teh clavicular head of pec major come off of

clavicle

where does the sternocostal head of the pec major come off

sternum and ribs

what is the action of pec minor

stabilizes scapula

what does pec minor attach to

ribs 3, 4, 5 to coracoid process

what innervates pec minor

medial pectoral nerve

what levels make up the medial pectoral nerve

C8-T1

where is the subclavius

small muscle under clavicle

what does the subclavius do

holds clavicle down

what nerve innervates subclavius and what are its levels

nerve to subclavius (C5-C6)

what is the action of serratus anterior

draws scapula anteriorly along thoracic cage and hold it against thoracic wall (winged scapula when long thoracic nerve injured)

where does the serratus anterior come off

medial border of scapula then forward to attach to the ribs

what are the superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles (extrinsic shoulder)

trapezius and latissimus dorsi

where do superficial posterior axioappendicular msucles originate from

axial skeleton

what is the role of the trapezius

elevate, depress, retract scapula

what innervates the trapezius

spinal accessry nerve

what supplies the sensory to the trapezius

C3 and C4

what is the role of the latissimus dorsi

extend, adducts arm

where does the lat attach

to humerus distal to shoulder joint

what innervates the lat and what are its levels

thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8

what are teh deep posterior axioappendicular msucles

levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor

what do the deep posteiror axioappendicular msucles do

help rotate scapula

what does tehe levator scapula do

elevate scapula and rotate scapula

what does the rhomboid major do

retract scapula and rotate scapula

what does the rhomboid minor do

retract scapula and rotate scapula

what innervates the deep posterior axioappendicular muscles

dorsal scapular nerve C5

where do the scapulohumeral muscles originate

pectoral girdle

what do the scapulohumeral muscles act on

shoulder region

what are the actions of the deltoid

abducts, flexes, extends arm

why is the deltoid so powerful

multipennate structure with several central tendons with lots of fibers angled into it

which part of the delt flexes the arm

frontal

which part of the delt extends the arm

rear

what innervates the delt and what levels

axillary nerve C5-C6

where is teres major

above latissimus dorsi

what innervates teres major (nerve and levels)

C5-C6 lower subscapular nerve

what is the actino of teres major

helps adduct the arm and does some rotation?

what are the rotator cuff muscles

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres major
subscapularis

a. supraspinatus
b. subscapularis

(anterior view)

a. infraspinatus
b. teres minor
c. supraspinatus

where is the supraspinatus

superior to spine of scapula

does the supraspinatus rotate

no

what does supraspinatus do

helps initiate abduction until in a more advantageous position so deltoid can help

what usually gets hurt in rotator cuff injuries

supraspinatus

where is infraspinatus

below spine of scapula

what is the action of infraspinatus

lateral rotator of arm

where is teres major

inferior border of scapula

what does teres minor do

lateral rotator

what innervates teres minor

axillary nerve C5-C6

where is subscapularis

in subscapular fossa between scapula and thoracic cage

what does subscapularis do

provides medial rotation

helps decelerate arm after a throw (eccentric contractions help slow arm down)

what innervates the subscapularis

upper and lower subscapular nerve C5-C7

what is the axilla

pyramidal space just inferior to glenohumeral joint

a. pec minor
b. coracobrachialis
c. short head of biceps brachii
d. long head of biceps brachii
e. deltoid
f. infraspinatus bursa
g. infraspinatus
h. subscapularis
i. serratus anterior
j. long thoracic nerve
k. pectoralis major muscle

what is the apex of the axilla

open space between axilla and posterior triangle of neck

what bones are in the apex of the axilla

scapula
clavicle
first rib

what makes up the base of the axilla

skin and fascia: concave, forming axillary fossa

what makes up the anterior wall of the axilla

pec major
pec minor
anterior axillary fold is the most inferior part

what makes up the posterior wall of the axilla

scapula
subscapularis
teres major
latissimus dorsi
posterior axillary fold is most inferior part

what makes up the medial wall of the axilla

thoracic wall and serratus anterior

what makes up the lateral wall of the axilla

intertubecular sulcus on humerus where muscles insert around on medial side of humerus

wht are the neurovascular contents of the axilla

axillary vein
brachial plexus
axillary artery

where is the first part of the axillary artery

between first rib and medial border of pec minor

what artery comes off the first part of the axillary artery

superior thoracic artery

where is the 2nd part of the axillary artery

deep to pec minor

what are the branches off the 2nd part of the axillary artery

thoracoacromial artery
lateral thoracic artery

where does the thoracoacromial artery come off the 2nd part of the axillary artery

just medial to pec minor

what re teh branches off the thoracoacromial artery

pectoral
deltoid
acromial
clavicular

where does the lateral thoracic artery extend

down thoracic cage on lateral border if not deep to pec minor

where is the third part of the axillary artery

between pec minor and teres major

what are teh branches off the 3rd part of teh axillary artery

subscapular artery
anterior circumflex artery
posterior circumflex artery

what does the subscapular artery soon become

circumflex scapular artery
thoracodorsal artery

where does the circumflex scapular artery go and what does it anastomose with

curls around and anastomosse with suprascapular artery in back part of shoulder

where does the thoracodorsal artery go

cursl around inferior border of scapula and anastomoses with intercostal arteries

why is there anastomosing around scapula

because it moves so much

where do the anterior and posteiror circumflex humeral arteries go

wrap around head of humerus

what do humeral fractures cause problems with arterially

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries, can lead to avascular necrosis

wht type of fascia is in the arm

superficial fascia
deep fascia

what is within the superficial fascia

cutaneous nerves and superficial veins and lymphatics

what is the deep/brachial fascia continuation of

pectoral fascia, becomes deep fascia of forearm

what does the deep fascia of the arm do

divides into compartments of arm

what is the bone of the arm

humerus

what is the shared action of the anterior compartment of the arm

elbow flexion

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
brachialis

what is the action of biceps brachii

elbow flexion
helps flex shoulder too

where does the short head of biceps brachii insert

coracoid process

where does long head of biceps brachii insert

travels in intertrabecular groove/sulcus and attaches to superior portion of glenoid, part of scapula

does biceps brachii have an insertion on the humerus

no

what does coracobrachialis do

shoulder flexor

whwere does coracobrachialis insert

mid distal humerus

where does brachialis attach to the humerus

lower half

where does brachialis attach other than to humerus

ulna

what is the major action of the brachialis

major forearm flexor

what artery and vein supply the anteiror compartment

brachial artery and vein

what nerves run in the anterior compartment of the arm

proximal 1/2 of ulnar nerve

median nerve

musculocutaneous nerve

what doe the musculocutaneous nerve give off

lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

what is the shared action of the posterior arm compartmetn

elbow extension

what are the trhee heads of the triceps brachii

long head
lateral head
medial head

where does the long head of the triceps brachii run

crosses shoulder joint and attaches to scapula

what does teh triceps brachii do

elbow extension, shoulder extension with long head

where does the lateral head of the triceps brachii attach

proximal humerus

what does the anconeus look like

triangle

where does the anconeus originate and insert

lateral epicondyle of humerus to ulna

what does the anconeus do

some elbow extension

what artery gives blood to the posterior compartment of the arm

deep brachial artery, which runs on the posterior side of the humerus

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the arm

radial nerve

where is teh distal 1/2 of teh ulnar nerve

very superficial, hitting elbow hits ulnar nerve

what supplies cutaneous innervation to the upper shoulder

supraclavicular nerves

what supplies cutaneous innervation to the upper lateral arm

cutaneous branches of axillary nerve

what supplies cutaneous innervation to medial arm

intercostobrachial nerve

what supplies cutaneous innervation to medial and anterior arm

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

what supplies cutaneous innervation to posterior and lower lateral arm

cutaneous branches of radial nerve

what is the cubital fossa

triangular region on anterior side of elbow joint

what is the superior border of the cubital fossa

line connecting epicondyles of humerus

what is the lateral border of the cubital fossa

brachioradialis; helps hold elbow flexion

what is the medial border of the cubital fossa

pronator teres

what is the bicipital aponeurosis

continuation of biceps brachii tendon onto the forearm fascia

what provides the arterial supply to the cubital fossa

brachial artery, divides into radial and ulnar

wht provides the venous drainage to the cubital fossa

brachial veins, typically paired

what nerves run in the cubital fossa

median nerve
radial nerve