Lecture 5 tools for managers
Decision-Making Process 8 Steps
1. Problem Identification
2. Decision making criteria (most
relevance factors in solving the problem)
3. Weighting of the
criteria (from 1 to 10)
4. Identifying alternatives
5. Analyzing alternatives (against standers)
6. Making the
decision
7. Implementing the
decision (planning, communication)
8. Evaluating the
outcome (EEAA , Efficient, Effective, Appropriate, Adequate)
Basic types of decisions include
Decision-Making Styles
Group decision making is subject to what dynamics
Methods used to facilitate group decision making include
The Communication Process 6 steps
1. Sender of message
2. Encoding meaning of the message
3.
Transmitting through channels influences by noise
4. Decoding
meaning of the message
5. Receiver understanding of the
message
6. Feedback loop
Hearing VS Listening
COMPONENTS OF MASSAGES
1. Content
2. Language
3. Symbols (tangible)
4.
Delivery style
5. Complexity (detail)
6. Focus
What dose massage packaging means, and what does it includes?
The packaging of a
message refers to how the message is conveyed.
Packaging includes:
• Channels
• Setting
•
Timing
• Noise
• Feedback
• Personal Characteristics
types of channels
Meaning of Artifacts
tangible items, the presence and placement of which may interfere with communication
Meaning of Proxemics
describes the spatial relationships between the sender
and
receiver of the message
Communication Barriers
Guidelines for Intercultural Communication
• Expect
cultural differences
• Learn about other
cultures
• objective observer
of differences
• different means “different"
• Don’t
jump to conclusions
• Avoid stereotyping
• try taking other perspective
• value diversity
What is Marketing ?
Marketing influences dietetics in what ways
• Dietitians are marketers of their own products
• The
profession of dietetics is a target market for businesses
An organization may view its marketplace in one of five ways list them
1. Production
perspective favor products that are readily
available and
affordable.
2. Product
perspective focuses on the product features.
3. Selling
perspective focused on getting the customer to purchase the
product - promotion.
4. Marketing
perspective considers production, sales, products, and
promotion based on consumers needs, wants, demands.
5. Social marketing
perspective balances the needs wants and demands of the
consumer with those of the organization and of society.
Target Markets
market research consist of
primary VS secondary data
The Four P’s of Marketing (mix)
• Product - goods vs services
• Place - distribution channel
simple (direct) or complex (indirect)
• Price
• Promotion
goods vs services
wholesaler vs retailer
Service Distribution is usually dependent on
direct channels because of inseparability
cost of producing the product includes
• Cost of raw materials
• Cost of labor
• Anticipated
profit
• Overhead costs
In healthcare foodservice price is often based
on the formula that food cost is 40% of the selling price of an
item
Pricing strategy also takes the following factors into consideration
• Price of competitive products
• Perceived value of the
product
• Customer expectations
• Pricing psychology
•
Available subsidies
• State of the economy
• Price adjustments
Price adjustments include
• Promotions pricing
• Options pricing
• Product line pricing
Promotion Techniques include
• Advertising - one way impersonal
• Personal selling - face to
face
• Sales promotion - coupons, sales, or games
• Public
relations - unpaid, more credible
• Merchandising - physical display