Asthma is a heterogenous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway_______.

Inflammation

Asthma pathophysiology include the smooth muscle surrounding the ______ is stimulated by histamines and leukotrienes causing bronchoconstriction.

Bronchioles

The immune system’s response to asthma, include bronchial hyperreactivity, eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration happen during the _________phase.

Late phase

What are some known risk factors for the development of asthma?

• Atopy
• Secondhand smoke (preschool age)
• Dust mites & cockroaches
• RSV in infants
• Obesity

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What are some known allergens and triggers that can cause an asthma attack?

• Dust mites & cockroaches
• Pets/pet dander
• Molds
• Pollen
• Exercise
• Community Acquired Pneumonia

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What are the 4 MAIN consequences of uncontrolled asthma?

1. Airway Inflammation (AI)
2. Bronchoconstriction
3. Airway Hyperresponsiveness (AHR)
4. Airway Remodeling

What the hallmark signs/symptoms of asthma?

• SOB
• Wheezing during expiration
• Cough at night

What test is the gold standard for diagnosing asthma?

Spirometry