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Lecture What did you learn Ch 12 CNS

1.

Nerve impulses leading to skeletal muscle carry information to direct movement. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

  • sensory (afferent) division
  • sympathetic division
  • somatic nervous system
  • parasympathetic division
  • somatic nervous system
2.

The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) sends nerve impulses to the brain carrying information about the things we see. These nerve fibers most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

  • sympathetic division
  • sensory (afferent) division
  • parasympathetic division
  • somatic nervous system

sensory (afferent) division

3.

Which of the following is richest in lipids?

  • gray matter
  • dendrites
  • neuron cell bodies
  • white matter
  • white matter
4.

What is the central nervous system?

  • spinal nerves
  • sensory (afferent) nerves
  • somatic nerves
  • brain and spinal cord
  • brain and spinal cord
5.

Which structures create the blood brain barrier?

  • Desmosomes and tight junctions between astrocytes and cells that form capillary walls
  • Tight junctions between cells that form capillary walls
  • Gap and tight junctions between astrocytes and cells that form capillary walls
  • Gap junctions between cells that form capillary walls

Tight junctions between cells that form capillary walls

6.

Which of the following describes the nervous system's integrative function?

  • senses changes in the environment
  • relies on action potentials for integration, not graded potentials
  • responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction
  • analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions
  • analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions
7.

Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

a. sensory (afferent) division
b. somatic nervous system
c. sympathetic division
d. parasympathetic division

a. sensory (afferent) division

8.

Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?

  • neuron cell bodies
  • interneurons
  • dendrites
  • ascending tracts
  • ascending tracts
9.

What brain region are the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus part of?

  • brain stem
  • basal nuclei
  • midbrain
  • diencephalon
  • diencephalon
10.

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • prefrontal lobe
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
11.

What are the components of the brain stem?

  • midbrain, medulla, and pons
  • midbrain only
  • cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla
  • pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain
  • midbrain, medulla, and pons
12.

Which of the following is least likely to be related to an injury in the hypothalamus?

  • dehydration
  • loss of body temperature control
  • loss of fine motor control
  • sleep disturbances
  • loss of fine motor control
13.

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

dura and epidura
arachnoid and epidura
arachnoid and dura
arachnoid and pia

arachnoid and pia

14.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

regulate emotional responses
regulate food intake
regulate the thalamus
regulate body temperature

regulate the thalamus

15.

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

  • prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)
  • limbic association area
  • combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex
  • posterior association area
  • prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)
16.

Which of the following hypothalamic control centers would you predict is the LEAST important for survival?

  • suprachiasmatic nucleus
  • autonomic control center
  • temperature control center
  • thirst center
  • suprachiasmatic nucleus
17.

Which of the following would you NOT find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

  • red blood cells
  • glucose
  • protein
  • potassium
  • red blood cells
18.

During meningitis, which of the following is the most likely to be a direct source of pathogens that may spread to the brain?

  • pia mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid villi
  • pia mater
19.

Which type of wave predominates during stage 4 NREM sleep?

  • beta
  • delta
  • alpha
  • theta
  • delta
20.

Sleepwalking may occur during ________.

  • NREM stage 4
  • REM
  • NREM stage 2
  • NREM stage 1
  • NREM stage 4
21.

The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________.

  • lateral horns
  • nuclei
  • pyramids
  • olives
  • pyramids
22.

Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ________.

  • ventral (anterior) horn
  • dorsal (posterior) horn
  • dorsal root ganglion
  • lateral horn
  • dorsal (posterior) horn
23.

Declarative memory ________.

  • usually involves motor skills
  • is hard to unlearn when learned once
  • is best remembered in the doing
  • is the ability to learn specific information
  • is the ability to learn specific information
24.

Neural tracts that convey information to the brain concerning temperature and pain would be ________.

  • lateral spinothalamic
  • posterior spinothalamic
  • reticulospinal
  • ventral (anterior) spinothalamic
  • lateral spinothalamic
25.

Broca's area ________.

  • is usually found only in the right hemisphere
  • controls voluntary movements of the eyes
  • serves the recognition of complex objects
  • is considered a motor speech area
  • is considered a motor speech area
26.

Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

  • postcentral gyrus
  • Wernicke's area
  • gustatory cortex
  • red nuclei
  • red nuclei
27.

which of the following structures is not part of the limbic system?

A. hippocampus
B. caudate nucleus
C. amygdala
D. cingulate gyri

B. caudate nucleus

28.

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

  • decussation center
  • executive suite
  • motor command center
  • visceral command center

executive suite

29.

Which brain waves are uncommon for awake adults, but are common for children?

  • theta
  • beta
  • alpha
  • delta
  • theta
30.

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.

  • pyramids
  • thalamus
  • limbic system
  • reticular formation
  • reticular formation
31.

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

  • rubrospinal tracts
  • premotor cortex
  • primary motor cortex
  • spinal cord
  • premotor cortex
32.

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

  • motor
  • emotional
  • procedural
  • declarative
  • procedural
33.

Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in memory?

  • medulla oblongata
  • thalamus
  • hippocampus
  • prefrontal cortex
  • medulla oblongata
34.

Which part of the CNS sorts almost all of the ascending sensory information?

  • hypothalamus
  • pons
  • thalamus
  • mesencephalon
  • thalamus
35.

Which of the following is a dural septum, described as a large sickle-shaped fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres?

  • falx cerebri
  • corpus callosum
  • tentorium cerebelli
  • falx cerebelli
  • falx cerebri
36.

Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls almost all brain activity?

  • cerebral cortex
  • cerebellum
  • brain stem
  • diencephalon
  • cerebral cortex
37.

At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______.

  • parietal lobe
  • frontal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • premotor cortex

frontal lobe

38.

The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

  • basal nuclei
  • midbrain
  • brain stem
  • diencephalon
  • diencephalon
39.

Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord?

  • first
  • second
  • third
  • fourth
  • fourth
40.

the _________________ regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, and the sleep/wake cycle

A. hypothalamus
B. midbrain
C. hippocampus
D. amygdala

A. hypothalamus

41.

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

  • central sulcus
  • cranial fossa
  • lateral sulcus
  • longitudinal fissure
  • lateral sulcus
42.

Which functional area of the brain is responsible for our level of awareness and alertness?

  • reticular activating system
  • Broca's area
  • limbic system
  • frontal eye fields
  • reticular activating system
43.

Which of the following regions of the brain stem serves as a bridge between the brain stem and the cerebellum?

  • thalamus
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
  • pons
44.

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.

  • myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
  • unmyelinated nerve fibers only
  • cell bodies
  • myelinated nerve fibers only
  • myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
45.

Which of these is not part of the limbic system?

  • corpus callosum
  • amygdala
  • cingulate gyrus
  • hippocampus
  • corpus callosum
46.

Which type of wave predominates during stage 1 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep?

  • alpha
  • beta
  • theta
  • delta
  • alpha
47.

during development of the nervous system, the telencephalon will become the

A. cerebral hemispheres
B. midbrain
C. diencephalon
D. cerebellum

A. cerebral hemispheres

48.

what provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A. cerebellum
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. pons

B. hypothalamus

49.

what is not part of the cerebrum?

A. brainstem
B. insula
C. frontal lobe
D. parietal lobe

A. brainstem

50.

what are the three primary brain vesicles that form the neural tube?

A. forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
B. mesencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon
C. mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata
D. brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum

A. forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

51.

The most important part of the brain in terms of our immediate survival is the:

A. cerebrum
B. cerebellum
C. brainstem
D. diencephalon

C. brainstem

52.

What component of the diencephalon secretes melatonin?

A. pituitary gland
B. amygdala
C. pineal gland
D. thalamus

C. pineal gland

53.

it is in the medulla oblongata they corticospinal tracts ________, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and visa versa

A. decussate
B. commence
C. merge
D. unite

A. decussate

54.

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior?

A. peripheral nervous system
B. anterolateral system
C. limbic system
D. medial lemniscal system

C. limbic system

55.

what type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere?

A. commissural fibers
B. projection fibers
C. association fibers
D. corpus callosum

C. association fibers

56.

the central sulcus separates the:

A. parietal and frontal lobes
B. parietal and temporal lobes
C. parietal and occipital lobes
D. frontal and temporal lobes

A. parietal and frontal lobes

57.

integrative functions are carried out by the

A. autonomic nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. central nervous system
D. All of the above

C. central nervous system

58.

which of the following areas of white matter is not located within the cerebral hemispheres?

A. Funiculi
B. projection fibers
C. commissural fibers
D. association fibers

A. Funiculi

59.

cognition is best described as

A. the ability to comprehend and produce words
B. encoding and storing learned information in our neural circuitry
C. recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli
D. reversible and normal suspension of consciousness

C. recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli

60.

the deep grooves in the cerebrum are known as

A. gyri
B. ventricles
C. sulci
D. fissures

D. fissures

61.

the two brain structures concerned directly with maintenance of homeostasis include certain nuclei in the brainstem and the

A. limbic system
B. hypothalamus
C. cerebellum
D. basal nuclei

B. hypothalamus

62.

nearly all stimuli destined for the cerebral cortex must first pass through the

A. brainstem
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. corpus callosum

C. thalamus

63.

bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as?

A. nuclei
B. nerves
C. ganglia
D. tracts

D. tracts

64.

an elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as?

A. furrow
B. sulcus
C. fissure
D. gyrus

D. gyrus

65.

the cerebellum functions in?

A. homeostatic functions such as breathing and heart rate
B. biological rhythm
C. the planning and coordination of movement
D. learning, memory, and personality

C. the planning and coordination of movement

66.

which brain nucleus serves as the bodies "master or Biological clock"?

A. Basal Nucleus
B. Lentiform nucleus
C. Suprachiastmatic nucleus
D. Caudate nucleus

C. Suprachiastmatic nucleus

67.

which of the following structures connects the brain to the spinal cord?

A. Brainstem
B. Cerebellum
C. Diencephalon
D. Cerebrum

A. Brainstem

68.

Which of the following is not a function of the spinal cord?

  • Conduct motor information from the brain
  • Provide physical protection for neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts
  • Coordinate repetitive sequence of contractions required for walking
  • Conduct sensory information to the brain
  • Provide physical protection for neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts
69.

Where is the last grey matter voluntary motor impulses pass through as they exit the spinal cord?

a) dorsal (anterior) horn

b) dorsal roots

c) ventral (posterior) horn

d) ventral roots

a) dorsal (anterior) horn

70.

Which of the following are NOT components of the blood-brain barrier?

  • astrocytes
  • the meninges
  • high numbers of tight junctions in brain capillaries
  • endothelial cells of brain capillaries
  • the meninges
71.

While observing a cross section of the spinal cord under the microscope, you notice a butterfly-shaped area on the inside. You would identify this as the __________.

  • gray matter
  • white matter
  • the meninges
  • pia mater
  • gray matter
72.

Which of the following locations does not contain white matter?

  • corticospinal tracts
  • outer portion of the spinal cord
  • corpus callosum
  • cerebral cortex
  • cerebral cortex
73.

Which of the following meninges is composed of delicate connective tissue and is richly invested with tiny blood vessels?

a) Dura mater
b) Arachnoid mater
c) Pia mater
d) Casa mater

c) Pia mater

74.

Which of the following is not a function of the CSF?

a) reduction of brain weight
b) nourishment of the brain
c) protection from blows
d) initiation of some nerve impulses

d) initiation of some nerve impulses

75.

Spinocerebellar tracts ________.

a) terminate in the spinal cord
b) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
c) give rise to conscious experience of perception
d) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

d) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

76.

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

a) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
b) the thalamus
c) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
d) sympathetic ganglia

a) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

77.

At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______.

A)parietal lobe
B)frontal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)premotor cortex

B)frontal lobe

78.

Which of the following branches of a spinal nerve contains the neuron cell bodies of only sensory neurons?

  • dorsal root
  • posterior ramus
  • anterior ramus
  • ventral root
  • dorsal root
79.

What are collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system called?

  • nuclei
  • ganglia
  • nerves
  • tracts

ganglia

80.

What components are used to classify a nerve as a 'mixed nerve'?

  • afferent and efferent fibers
  • spinal and cranial nerves
  • neuron cell bodies and axons
  • interneurons and efferent neurons
  • afferent and efferent fibers
81.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________.

a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) pons
d) medulla

b) hypothalamus

82.

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

a) cerebrum
b) medulla
c) pons
d) midbrain

b) medulla

83.

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

a) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.

b) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

c) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.

d) No functional area of the cortex works alone.

b) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

84.

If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ________.

a) spinal cord may be affected
b) cranial nerves would not form
c) hindbrain would not be present
d) telencephalon would cease development

a) spinal cord may be affected

85.

Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________.

a) reticulospinal
b) anterior spinothalamic
c) posterior spinothalamic
d) lateral spinothalamic

d) lateral spinothalamic

86.

The hypothalamus ________.

a) is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature
b) is an important auditory and visual relay center
c) mediates sensations
d) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure

a) is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature

87.

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.

a) spinal shock only
b) paraplegia
c) quadriplegia
d) hemiplegia

b) paraplegia

88.

Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?

a) Damage to the visual association area results in blindness.

b) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control.

c) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.

d) Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.

b) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control.

89.

____ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine.

A. Visceral sensory
B. Somatic sensory
C. Visceral motor
D. Somatic motor
E. Afferent

C. Visceral motor

90.

Meningitis can be caused by infection of the central nervous system by bacteria. Which cells would be most responsible for removing the infection?

  • Schwann cells
  • satellite cells
  • oligodendrocytes
  • microglia
  • microglia
91.

Which of the following circuit types is involved in the control of rhythmic activities such as the sleep-wake cycle, breathing, and certain motor activities (such as arm swinging when walking)?

  • parallel after-discharge circuits
  • reverberating circuits
  • converging circuits
  • diverging circuits
  • reverberating circuits
92.

Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit?

  • pre-discharge circuits
  • diverging circuits
  • converging circuits
  • reverberating circuits
  • pre-discharge circuits
93.

A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________.

  • afferent neuron
  • glial cell
  • association neuron
  • efferent neuron

association neuron

94.

_____ causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

A) Sleep apnea
B) Epilepsy
C) Syncope
D) Narcolepsy

D) Narcolepsy

95.

Patients who have lesions involving Broca's area __________.

  • do not understand language
  • can communicate through writing or sign language, but they cannot speak
  • can understand language, but have difficulty speaking
  • do not understand written communications, but they can speak clearly and intelligibly
  • can understand language, but have difficulty speaking
96.

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities

  • cerebrum and basal nuclei
  • cerebrum and cerebellum
  • cerebrum, cerebellum, and basal nuclei
  • cerebellum and basal nuclei
  • cerebellum and basal nuclei
97.

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.

A. hypothalamus

B. lateral geniculate of the thalamus

C. inferior colliculus

D. lateral horn of the spinal cord

A. hypothalamus

98.

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

A. motor nerves

B. sensory nerves

C. mixed nerves

D. afferent nerves

A. motor nerves

99.

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

A. is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

B. typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm

C. is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars

D. is more successful than with the PNS

A. is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

100.
  • The distance between two consecutive wave crests is the __________.
  • pitch
  • frequency
  • wavelength
  • amplitude
  • wavelength
101.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

  • regulation of body temperature
  • emotional responses
  • regulation of food intake
  • secretion of the hormone melatonin
  • secretion of the hormone melatonin
102.

Which meninx is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution?

  • pia mater
  • meningeal layer of the dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • periosteal layer of the dura mater
  • pia mater
103.

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

  • epithelial cells
  • astrocytes
  • neurons
  • ependymal cells
  • ependymal cells
104.

Which part of the brain is considered the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex?

  • Thalamus
  • mesencephalon
  • hypothalamus
  • pons
  • Thalamus
105.

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

  • lateral fissure
  • longitudinal fissure
  • parieto-occipital fissure
  • central fissure
  • lateral fissure
106.

The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.

  • alcohol
  • nutrients such as glucose
  • anesthetics
  • metabolic waste such as urea
  • metabolic waste such as urea
107.

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

  • association fibers
  • internal capsules
  • projection fibers
  • commissures
  • commissures
108.

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________.

  • Parkinson's disease
  • Huntington's disease
  • spinal cord disease
  • cerebellar disease
  • Parkinson's disease
109.

Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?

  • relay station for the special senses
  • visceral control center of the body
  • somatic motor control center
  • gateway to the cerebellum
  • visceral control center of the body
110.

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called _____.

  • ganglia
  • gyri
  • fissures
  • sulci

gyri

111.

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

  • motor nerves
  • afferent nerves
  • efferent nerves
  • mixed nerves
  • afferent nerves
112.

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

  • 6
  • 8
  • 10
  • 12
  • 12
113.

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

  • complete loss of sensation
  • a complete loss of voluntary movement
  • loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control
  • a complete loss of sensation and movement
  • a complete loss of voluntary movement
114.

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

  • pons
  • thalamus
  • reticular formation
  • medulla
  • thalamus
115.

Which division of the nervous system has short preganglionic neurons?

  • somatic sensory
  • somatic motor
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
  • sympathetic
116.

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

  • Hypothalamus
  • medulla
  • cerebellum
  • thalamus
  • Hypothalamus