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Lecture What did you learn Ch 12 CNS

front 1 Nerve impulses leading to skeletal muscle carry information to direct movement. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system? sensory (afferent) division sympathetic division somatic nervous system parasympathetic division	back 1 somatic nervous system
front 2 The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) sends nerve impulses to the brain carrying information about the things we see. These nerve fibers most likely belong to which division of the nervous system? sympathetic division sensory (afferent) division parasympathetic division somatic nervous system	back 2 sensory (afferent) division
front 3 Which of the following is richest in lipids? gray matter dendrites neuron cell bodies white matter	back 3 white matter
front 4 What is the central nervous system? spinal nerves sensory (afferent) nerves somatic nerves brain and spinal cord	back 4 brain and spinal cord

front 5 Which structures create the blood brain barrier? Desmosomes and tight junctions between astrocytes and cells that form capillary walls Tight junctions between cells that form capillary walls Gap and tight junctions between astrocytes and cells that form capillary walls Gap junctions between cells that form capillary walls	back 5 Tight junctions between cells that form capillary walls
front 6 Which of the following describes the nervous system's integrative function? senses changes in the environment relies on action potentials for integration, not graded potentials responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions	back 6 analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions
front 7 Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system? a. sensory (afferent) division b. somatic nervous system c. sympathetic division d. parasympathetic division	back 7 a. sensory (afferent) division
front 8 Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex? neuron cell bodies interneurons dendrites ascending tracts	back 8 ascending tracts

front 9 What brain region are the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus part of? brain stem basal nuclei midbrain diencephalon	back 9 diencephalon
front 10 Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located? parietal lobe temporal lobe prefrontal lobe frontal lobe	back 10 parietal lobe
front 11 What are the components of the brain stem? midbrain, medulla, and pons midbrain only cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain	back 11 midbrain, medulla, and pons
front 12 Which of the following is least likely to be related to an injury in the hypothalamus? dehydration loss of body temperature control loss of fine motor control sleep disturbances	back 12 loss of fine motor control

front 13 The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? dura and epidura arachnoid and epidura arachnoid and dura arachnoid and pia	back 13 arachnoid and pia
front 14 Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? regulate emotional responses regulate food intake regulate the thalamus regulate body temperature	back 14 regulate the thalamus
front 15 Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality? prefrontal cortex (anterior association area) limbic association area combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex posterior association area	back 15 prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)
front 16 Which of the following hypothalamic control centers would you predict is the LEAST important for survival? suprachiasmatic nucleus autonomic control center temperature control center thirst center	back 16 suprachiasmatic nucleus

front 17 Which of the following would you NOT find in normal cerebrospinal fluid? red blood cells glucose protein potassium	back 17 red blood cells
front 18 During meningitis, which of the following is the most likely to be a direct source of pathogens that may spread to the brain? pia mater arachnoid mater dura mater arachnoid villi	back 18 pia mater
front 19 Which type of wave predominates during stage 4 NREM sleep? beta delta alpha theta	back 19 delta
front 20 Sleepwalking may occur during ________. NREM stage 4 REM NREM stage 2 NREM stage 1	back 20 NREM stage 4

front 21 The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________. lateral horns nuclei pyramids olives	back 21 pyramids
front 22 Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the ________. ventral (anterior) horn dorsal (posterior) horn dorsal root ganglion lateral horn	back 22 dorsal (posterior) horn
front 23 Declarative memory ________. usually involves motor skills is hard to unlearn when learned once is best remembered in the doing is the ability to learn specific information	back 23 is the ability to learn specific information
front 24 Neural tracts that convey information to the brain concerning temperature and pain would be ________. lateral spinothalamic posterior spinothalamic reticulospinal ventral (anterior) spinothalamic	back 24 lateral spinothalamic

front 25 Broca's area ________. is usually found only in the right hemisphere controls voluntary movements of the eyes serves the recognition of complex objects is considered a motor speech area	back 25 is considered a motor speech area
front 26 Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)? postcentral gyrus Wernicke's area gustatory cortex red nuclei	back 26 red nuclei
front 27 which of the following structures is not part of the limbic system? A. hippocampus B. caudate nucleus C. amygdala D. cingulate gyri	back 27 B. caudate nucleus
front 28 Which of the following best describes the cerebrum? decussation center executive suite motor command center visceral command center	back 28 executive suite

front 29 Which brain waves are uncommon for awake adults, but are common for children? theta beta alpha delta	back 29 theta
front 30 The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________. pyramids thalamus limbic system reticular formation	back 30 reticular formation
front 31 Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________. rubrospinal tracts premotor cortex primary motor cortex spinal cord	back 31 premotor cortex
front 32 Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano? motor emotional procedural declarative	back 32 procedural

front 33 Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in memory? medulla oblongata thalamus hippocampus prefrontal cortex	back 33 medulla oblongata
front 34 Which part of the CNS sorts almost all of the ascending sensory information? hypothalamus pons thalamus mesencephalon	back 34 thalamus
front 35 Which of the following is a dural septum, described as a large sickle-shaped fold that dips into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres? falx cerebri corpus callosum tentorium cerebelli falx cerebelli	back 35 falx cerebri
front 36 Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" that controls almost all brain activity? cerebral cortex cerebellum brain stem diencephalon	back 36 cerebral cortex

front 37 At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______. parietal lobe frontal lobe temporal lobe premotor cortex	back 37 frontal lobe
front 38 The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. basal nuclei midbrain brain stem diencephalon	back 38 diencephalon
front 39 Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord? first second third fourth	back 39 fourth
front 40 the _________________ regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, and the sleep/wake cycle A. hypothalamus B. midbrain C. hippocampus D. amygdala	back 40 A. hypothalamus

front 41 The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________. central sulcus cranial fossa lateral sulcus longitudinal fissure	back 41 lateral sulcus
front 42 Which functional area of the brain is responsible for our level of awareness and alertness? reticular activating system Broca's area limbic system frontal eye fields	back 42 reticular activating system
front 43 Which of the following regions of the brain stem serves as a bridge between the brain stem and the cerebellum? thalamus medulla oblongata pons midbrain	back 43 pons
front 44 The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________. myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers unmyelinated nerve fibers only cell bodies myelinated nerve fibers only	back 44 myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

front 45 Which of these is not part of the limbic system? corpus callosum amygdala cingulate gyrus hippocampus	back 45 corpus callosum
front 46 Which type of wave predominates during stage 1 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep? alpha beta theta delta	back 46 alpha
front 47 during development of the nervous system, the telencephalon will become the A. cerebral hemispheres B. midbrain C. diencephalon D. cerebellum	back 47 A. cerebral hemispheres
front 48 what provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system? A. cerebellum B. hypothalamus C. thalamus D. pons	back 48 B. hypothalamus

front 49 what is not part of the cerebrum? A. brainstem B. insula C. frontal lobe D. parietal lobe	back 49 A. brainstem
front 50 what are the three primary brain vesicles that form the neural tube? A. forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain B. mesencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon C. mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata D. brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum	back 50 A. forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
front 51 The most important part of the brain in terms of our immediate survival is the: A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. brainstem D. diencephalon	back 51 C. brainstem
front 52 What component of the diencephalon secretes melatonin? A. pituitary gland B. amygdala C. pineal gland D. thalamus	back 52 C. pineal gland

front 53 it is in the medulla oblongata they corticospinal tracts ________, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and visa versa A. decussate B. commence C. merge D. unite	back 53 A. decussate
front 54 What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior? A. peripheral nervous system B. anterolateral system C. limbic system D. medial lemniscal system	back 54 C. limbic system
front 55 what type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere? A. commissural fibers B. projection fibers C. association fibers D. corpus callosum	back 55 C. association fibers
front 56 the central sulcus separates the: A. parietal and frontal lobes B. parietal and temporal lobes C. parietal and occipital lobes D. frontal and temporal lobes	back 56 A. parietal and frontal lobes

front 57 integrative functions are carried out by the A. autonomic nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. central nervous system D. All of the above	back 57 C. central nervous system
front 58 which of the following areas of white matter is not located within the cerebral hemispheres? A. Funiculi B. projection fibers C. commissural fibers D. association fibers	back 58 A. Funiculi
front 59 cognition is best described as A. the ability to comprehend and produce words B. encoding and storing learned information in our neural circuitry C. recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli D. reversible and normal suspension of consciousness	back 59 C. recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli
front 60 the deep grooves in the cerebrum are known as A. gyri B. ventricles C. sulci D. fissures	back 60 D. fissures

front 61 the two brain structures concerned directly with maintenance of homeostasis include certain nuclei in the brainstem and the A. limbic system B. hypothalamus C. cerebellum D. basal nuclei	back 61 B. hypothalamus
front 62 nearly all stimuli destined for the cerebral cortex must first pass through the A. brainstem B. hypothalamus C. thalamus D. corpus callosum	back 62 C. thalamus
front 63 bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as? A. nuclei B. nerves C. ganglia D. tracts	back 63 D. tracts
front 64 an elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as? A. furrow B. sulcus C. fissure D. gyrus	back 64 D. gyrus

front 65 the cerebellum functions in? A. homeostatic functions such as breathing and heart rate B. biological rhythm C. the planning and coordination of movement D. learning, memory, and personality	back 65 C. the planning and coordination of movement
front 66 which brain nucleus serves as the bodies "master or Biological clock"? A. Basal Nucleus B. Lentiform nucleus C. Suprachiastmatic nucleus D. Caudate nucleus	back 66 C. Suprachiastmatic nucleus
front 67 which of the following structures connects the brain to the spinal cord? A. Brainstem B. Cerebellum C. Diencephalon D. Cerebrum	back 67 A. Brainstem
front 68 Which of the following is not a function of the spinal cord? Conduct motor information from the brain Provide physical protection for neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts Coordinate repetitive sequence of contractions required for walking Conduct sensory information to the brain	back 68 Provide physical protection for neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts

front 69 Where is the last grey matter voluntary motor impulses pass through as they exit the spinal cord? a) dorsal (anterior) horn b) dorsal roots c) ventral (posterior) horn d) ventral roots	back 69 a) dorsal (anterior) horn
front 70 Which of the following are NOT components of the blood-brain barrier? astrocytes the meninges high numbers of tight junctions in brain capillaries endothelial cells of brain capillaries	back 70 the meninges
front 71 While observing a cross section of the spinal cord under the microscope, you notice a butterfly-shaped area on the inside. You would identify this as the __________. gray matter white matter the meninges pia mater	back 71 gray matter
front 72 Which of the following locations does not contain white matter? corticospinal tracts outer portion of the spinal cord corpus callosum cerebral cortex	back 72 cerebral cortex

front 73 Which of the following meninges is composed of delicate connective tissue and is richly invested with tiny blood vessels? a) Dura mater b) Arachnoid mater c) Pia mater d) Casa mater	back 73 c) Pia mater
front 74 Which of the following is not a function of the CSF? a) reduction of brain weight b) nourishment of the brain c) protection from blows d) initiation of some nerve impulses	back 74 d) initiation of some nerve impulses
front 75 Spinocerebellar tracts ________. a) terminate in the spinal cord b) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord c) give rise to conscious experience of perception d) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum	back 75 d) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
front 76 Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________. a) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord b) the thalamus c) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord d) sympathetic ganglia	back 76 a) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

front 77 At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______. A)parietal lobe B)frontal lobe C)temporal lobe D)premotor cortex	back 77 B)frontal lobe
front 78 Which of the following branches of a spinal nerve contains the neuron cell bodies of only sensory neurons? dorsal root posterior ramus anterior ramus ventral root	back 78 dorsal root
front 79 What are collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system called? nuclei ganglia nerves tracts	back 79 ganglia
front 80 What components are used to classify a nerve as a 'mixed nerve'? afferent and efferent fibers spinal and cranial nerves neuron cell bodies and axons interneurons and efferent neurons	back 80 afferent and efferent fibers

front 81 The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________. a) thalamus b) hypothalamus c) pons d) medulla	back 81 b) hypothalamus
front 82 The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________. a) cerebrum b) medulla c) pons d) midbrain	back 82 b) medulla
front 83 Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex? a) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body. b) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function. c) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas. d) No functional area of the cortex works alone.	back 83 b) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.
front 84 If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ________. a) spinal cord may be affected b) cranial nerves would not form c) hindbrain would not be present d) telencephalon would cease development	back 84 a) spinal cord may be affected

front 85 Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________. a) reticulospinal b) anterior spinothalamic c) posterior spinothalamic d) lateral spinothalamic	back 85 d) lateral spinothalamic
front 86 The hypothalamus ________. a) is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature b) is an important auditory and visual relay center c) mediates sensations d) has the Pulvinar body as part of its structure	back 86 a) is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature
front 87 An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. a) spinal shock only b) paraplegia c) quadriplegia d) hemiplegia	back 87 b) paraplegia
front 88 Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement? a) Damage to the visual association area results in blindness. b) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control. c) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible. d) Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.	back 88 b) Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control.

front 89 ____ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine. A. Visceral sensory B. Somatic sensory C. Visceral motor D. Somatic motor E. Afferent	back 89 C. Visceral motor
front 90 Meningitis can be caused by infection of the central nervous system by bacteria. Which cells would be most responsible for removing the infection? Schwann cells satellite cells oligodendrocytes microglia	back 90 microglia
front 91 Which of the following circuit types is involved in the control of rhythmic activities such as the sleep-wake cycle, breathing, and certain motor activities (such as arm swinging when walking)? parallel after-discharge circuits reverberating circuits converging circuits diverging circuits	back 91 reverberating circuits
front 92 Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit? pre-discharge circuits diverging circuits converging circuits reverberating circuits	back 92 pre-discharge circuits

front 93 A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. afferent neuron glial cell association neuron efferent neuron	back 93 association neuron
front 94 _____ causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state. A) Sleep apnea B) Epilepsy C) Syncope D) Narcolepsy	back 94 D) Narcolepsy
front 95 Patients who have lesions involving Broca's area __________. do not understand language can communicate through writing or sign language, but they cannot speak can understand language, but have difficulty speaking do not understand written communications, but they can speak clearly and intelligibly	back 95 can understand language, but have difficulty speaking
front 96 What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities cerebrum and basal nuclei cerebrum and cerebellum cerebrum, cerebellum, and basal nuclei cerebellum and basal nuclei	back 96 cerebellum and basal nuclei

front 97 Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________. A. hypothalamus B. lateral geniculate of the thalamus C. inferior colliculus D. lateral horn of the spinal cord	back 97 A. hypothalamus
front 98 Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________. A. motor nerves B. sensory nerves C. mixed nerves D. afferent nerves	back 98 A. motor nerves
front 99 Regeneration within the CNS ________. A. is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes B. typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm C. is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars D. is more successful than with the PNS	back 99 A. is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes
front 100 The distance between two consecutive wave crests is the __________. pitch frequency wavelength amplitude	back 100 wavelength

front 101 Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? regulation of body temperature emotional responses regulation of food intake secretion of the hormone melatonin	back 101 secretion of the hormone melatonin
front 102 Which meninx is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution? pia mater meningeal layer of the dura mater arachnoid mater periosteal layer of the dura mater	back 102 pia mater
front 103 What cells line the ventricles of the brain? epithelial cells astrocytes neurons ependymal cells	back 103 ependymal cells
front 104 Which part of the brain is considered the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex? Thalamus mesencephalon hypothalamus pons	back 104 Thalamus

front 105 Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres? lateral fissure longitudinal fissure parieto-occipital fissure central fissure	back 105 lateral fissure
front 106 The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________. alcohol nutrients such as glucose anesthetics metabolic waste such as urea	back 106 metabolic waste such as urea
front 107 Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the two cerebral hemispheres? association fibers internal capsules projection fibers commissures	back 107 commissures
front 108 Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________. Parkinson's disease Huntington's disease spinal cord disease cerebellar disease	back 108 Parkinson's disease

front 109 Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus? relay station for the special senses visceral control center of the body somatic motor control center gateway to the cerebellum	back 109 visceral control center of the body
front 110 Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called _____. ganglia gyri fissures sulci	back 110 gyri
front 111 Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. motor nerves afferent nerves efferent nerves mixed nerves	back 111 afferent nerves
front 112 There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves. 6 8 10 12	back 112 12

front 113 If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? complete loss of sensation a complete loss of voluntary movement loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control a complete loss of sensation and movement	back 113 a complete loss of voluntary movement
front 114 All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________. pons thalamus reticular formation medulla	back 114 thalamus
front 115 Which division of the nervous system has short preganglionic neurons? somatic sensory somatic motor sympathetic parasympathetic	back 115 sympathetic
front 116 Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________. Hypothalamus medulla cerebellum thalamus	back 116 Hypothalamus