ch 30
President Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany when
a.
the Zimmermann note was intercepted and made public.
b. Germany
announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the
Atlantic.
c. news was received that a revolutionary movement had
overthrown the czarist regime in
Russia.
d. Germany rejected
Wilson's Fourteen Points for peace.
e. it appeared that the
German army would take Paris.
b
The Zimmermann note involved a proposed secret agreement
between
a. Britain and France.
b. Russia and
Germany.
c. Germany and Mexico.
d. Mexico and
France.
e. Germany and Canada.
c
The United States declared war on Germany
a. in response to
demands by American munitions makers.
b. because it appeared that
France was about to surrender.
c. because Wall Street bankers
demanded it.
d. after Mexico signed an alliance with
Germany.
e. after German U-boats sank four unarmed American
merchant vessels.
e
President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World
War I by
a. appealing to America's tradition of intervention in
Europe.
b. convincing the public of the need to make the world
safe from the German submarine.
c. declaring it a crusade to
"make the world safe for democracy"
d. demonstrating
how American national security would be threatened by a German
victory.
e. insisting that the war would be fought primarily by
the navy.
c
President Wilson viewed America's entry into World War I as an
opportunity for the United States to
a. reestablish the balance
of power in European diplomacy.
b. become a dominant global great
power.
c. rebuild its dangerously small military and naval
forces.
d. establish a permanent military presence in
Europe.
e. shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy.
e
Which one of the following was not among Wilson's Fourteen Points,
upon which he based America's
idealistic foreign policy in World
War I?
a. Reduction of armaments
b. An international
guarantee of freedom of religion
c. Abolition of secret treaties
d. A new international
organization to guarantee collective security
e. The principle of
national self-determination for subject peoples
b
The major problem for George Creel and his Committee on Public
Information was that
a. he oversold Wilson's ideals and led
Americans and the world to expect too much.
b. he relied too much
on formal laws and police power to gain compliance with the
war
effort.
c. the entertainment industry was not willing to
go along with the propaganda campaign.
d. Wilson had a poor
public image with European publics.
e. the public was skeptical
of government propaganda.
a
Match each civilian administrator below with the World War I
mobilization agency that he directed.
A. George Creel 1. War
Industries Board
B. Herbert Hoover 2. Committee on Public
Information
C. Bernard Baruch 3. Food Administration
D.
William Howard Taft 4. National War Labor Board
a. A-4, B-1, C-3,
D-2
b. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
c. A-3, B-2, C-l, D-4
d. A-2,
B-3, C-1, D-4
e. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
d
When the United States entered World War I, it was
a. well
prepared thanks to the foresight of Woodrow Wilson.
b. well
prepared militarily but not industrially.
c. well prepared for
land combat but not for naval warfare.
d. well prepared
industrially but not militarily.
e. poorly prepared to leap into
global war.
e
During World I, civil liberties in America were
a. threatened by
President Wilson but protected by the courts.
b. limited, but no
one was actually imprisoned for his or her convictions.
c.
violated mostly in the western United States.
d. protected for
everyone except German Americans.
e. severely damaged by the
pressures for loyalty and conformity.
e
Although German-Americans were generally loyal citizens, during the
war they were subjected to all
of the following except
a.
rumors that they were spying and sabotaging the U.S.
b. violent
attacks such as tarring, feathering, beatings and lynchings.
c.
deportation back to Germany.
d. German books were removed from
libraries and German courses cancelled.
e. renaming German foods; sauerkraut became liberty cabbage.
c
Prosecutions under the Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act
(1918) can be characterized in all of
the following ways
except
a. antiwar socialists and labor leaders were visibly
targeted.
b. 1,900 Americans were prosecuted under these
laws.
c. the laws meant that any criticism of the government
could be censored and punished.
d. the Supreme Court ruled that
they were unconstitutional violations of free speech.
e. after
the war, President Harding issued pardons to many of those prosecuted,
including
labor leader Eugene Debs.
d
Two constitutional amendments, adopted in part because of World War
I, were the Eighteenth, which
dealt with ____, and the
Nineteenth, whose subject was ____.
a. prohibition; an income
tax
b. direct election of senators; woman suffrage
c.
prohibition; woman suffrage
d. an income tax; direct election of
senators
e. women suffrage; prohibition
c
In adopting the Nineteenth Amendment, giving women the right to vote,
the United States was
a. taking a progressive step considerably
ahead of other nations.
b. also asserting that women had a right
to equal pay and to child care services.
c. overcoming the strong
hostility to women's suffrage within state governments.
d.
following the path already taken by other wartime governments like
Britain and Germany.
e. fulfilling one of Woodrow Wilson's
Fourteen Points.
d
Women's participation in the war effort contributed greatly to the
fact that they
a. became a large, permanent part of the American
workforce.
b. finally received the right to vote.
c. were
allowed to join the air force.
d. organized the National Women's
party.
e. All of these
b
In the decade after the war, feminists
a. pressed for more laws
to protect women workers and end child labor.
b. sought full
economic and political equality.
c. wanted more opportunities for
women in the paid workforce.
d. made getting women into political
office a top priority.
e. None of these
a
Congress's passage of the Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act demonstrated
that the federal government
a. was beginning to address the issue
of equal treatment of mothers in the workplace.
b. was prepared
to take substantial steps toward federally funded child care.
c.
was completely hostile to mothers working outside the home.
d. supported pregnancy and maternity-leave benefits for
women.
e. was willing to benefit and support women primarily in
their role as mothers.
e
During World War I, the government's treatment of labor could be best
described as
a. fair.
b. strict and financially
unrewarding.
c. extremely brutal.
d. so good that the right
to form unions was finally granted.
e. decent for native
Americans but harsh for ethnic groups.
a
The two groups who suffered most from the violation of civil
liberties during World War I were
a. Catholics and
atheists.
b. Irish Americans and Japanese Americans.
c.
African Americans and Latinos.
d. labor unions and women's
groups.
e. German Americans and social radicals.
e
Grievances of labor during and shortly after World War I include all
of the following except
a. the inability to gain the right to
organize.
b. war-spawned inflation.
c. suppression of the
American Federation of Labor.
d. violence against workers by
employers.
e. the use of African Americans as strikebreakers.
c
The enormous nationwide steel strike of 1919 resulted in
a. the
eight-hour workday.
b. a takeover of the steelworkers' union by
American Communists.
c. somewhat higher wages but no recognition
of the steel union.
d. a grievous setback for labor that crippled
the union movement for a decade.
e. general strikes of all
workers that essentially shut down Seattle and Pittsburgh.
d
The movement of tens of thousands of Southern blacks north during
World War I resulted in
a. better race relations in the
South.
b. racial violence in the North.
c. fewer blacks
willing to be used as strikebreakers.
d. a new black middle
class.
e. All of these
b
Most wartime mobilization agencies primarily relied on ____ to
prepare the economy for war.
a. congressional legislation
b.
voluntary compliance
c. presidential edict
d. court
decisions
e. business trade organizations
b
World War I was the first time that
a. African Americans served
in the military.
b. women were admitted to the armed
forces.
c. the military was desegregated.
d. the U.S.
government employed a draft.
e. None of these
b
Two examples of forceful federal government action to organize the
nation for war were
a. the conscription of certain essential
wartime workers.
b. federal rationing of food and other essential
goods needed for the war.
c. the government's takeover of the
railroads and imposition of nationwide daylight
savings
time.
d. strict government controls on the amount of
coal and oil that civilians could use.
e. the use of the U.S.
Army to break labor strikes.
c
Most of the money raised to finance World War I came from
a.
confiscation of German property.
b. income taxes.
c.
tariffs.
d. sale of armaments to Britain and France.
e.
loans from the American public.
e
The United States used all of the following methods to support the
war effort except
a. forcing some people to buy war
bonds.
b. having heatless Mondays to conserve fuel.
c.
establishing government control of wages.
d. seizing enemy
merchant vessels trapped in American harbors.
e. restricting the
manufacture of beer.
c
The World War I military draft
a. generally worked fairly and
effectively to provide military manpower.
b. caused widespread
resistance and riots.
c. permitted men to purchase substitutes to
go in their place.
d. included women as well as men.
e. was
not as fair as the Civil War draft.
a
When the United States entered the war in 1917, most Americans did
not believe that
a. the navy was obligated to defend freedom of
the seas.
b. it would be necessary to continue making loans to
the Allies.
c. the United States would have to ship war materiel
to the Allies.
d. mobilization for war should be largely
voluntary.
e. it would be necessary to send a large American army
to Europe.
e
Despite reluctance by both the president and Congress, the United
States resorted to forced
conscription in 1917 because
a.
there was no other way to raise the vast American army that would have
to be sent to
Europe.
b. it was the most effective way to
destroy the opposition to the war.
c. all the Allied and Central
powers had already enacted conscription.
d. it seemed like the
most fair way of determining who would serve.
e. they were
unwilling to accept female volunteers in the military.
a
The conscription law during World War I differed from the Civil War
draft especially because it
a. exempted men older that
thirty-five and younger than twenty-one from service.
b. drafted
women as well as men.
c. drafted men for the navy and air force
as well as the army.
d. contained no provisions for hiring a
substitute or purchasing an exemption.
e. contained no provision
for conscientious objection.
d
For German military strategists, the entry of the United States into
the war meant that
a. they would no longer be able to use their
submarine weapon effectively.
b. they would have to defeat France
and Britain before a large American force arrived
in
Europe.
c. they would have to continue to fight on the
second front in Russia.
d. the war would become one of swift
movements rather than stalemated trench warfare.
e. they would
have to switch from an offensive to a defensive strategy.
b
The Germans gained an immense military advantage in the first months
of 1918 because
a. they had discovered how to use the tank and
poison gas effectively.
b. the Austrian army was able to switch
from the Italian front to the western front.
c. the Bolsheviks
took Russia out of the war allowing German troops to move to the
western
front.
d. they had seized the two key strategic
points of Verdun and Ypres.
e. their brilliant generals
Hindenburg and Ludendorff has taken effective control of
the
German government.
c
The two major battles of World War I in which United States forces
engaged were
a. Ypres and the Ardennes Forest.
b. Verdun and
the Somme.
c. Gallipoli and Locarno.
d. Jutland and
Trafalgar.
e. St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.
e
Russia's withdrawal from World War I in 1918 resulted in
a. a
communist takeover of that country.
b. the United States' entry
into the war.
c. the release of hundreds of thousands of German troops for
deployment on the front in
France.
d. Germany's surrender to
the Allies.
e. a setback for the idea of a "war for democracy"
c
The Second Battle of the Marne was significant because it
a. was
the first time American troops saw action in France.
b. forced
the Kaiser to abdicate.
c. was the first time American troops
fought by themselves.
d. saw the first use of combat
aircraft.
e. marked the beginning of a German withdrawal that was
never reversed.
e
Before Woodrow Wilson would agree to an armistice ending World War I
fighting, he demanded that
a. Germany remove its army from the
large territories it had taken from Russia.
b. Germany pledge
never again to wage aggressive warfare.
c. the German government
pay for war damages.
d. the German kaiser be forced from
power.
e. Germany accept guilt for the war.
d
The United States' main contributions to the Allied victory in World
War I included all of the
following except
a. battlefield
victories.
b. foodstuffs.
c. oil.
d. munitions.
e.
financial credit.
a
Which of these is NOT a true statement about black soldiers during
World War I?
a. Most black troops were denied combat
duty.
b. Black soldiers were more likely to serve in combat than
white soldiers.
c. Black soldiers typically served as laborers
and stevedores.
d. Blacks served in segregated units in the
military.
e. Mothers of slain black soldiers in 1930 were invited
to visit their sons' graves in
segregated travel arrangements.
b
The Germans were heavily demoralized by
a. the United States'
military performance.
b. their defeat at the Battle of
Meuse-Argonne.
c. the United States' unlimited troop
reserves.
d. Russia's entry into the war.
e. American propaganda.
c
The chief difference between Woodrow Wilson and the parliamentary
statesmen at the Paris peace
table was that Wilson
a. lacked their popularity in Europe.
b. did not command a
legislative majority at home.
c. brought some of his political
opponents with him.
d. refused to play politics with the peace
powers.
e. was not popular with his own people.
b
Woodrow Wilson's ultimate goal at the Paris Peace Conference was
to
a. stop the spread of communism.
b. blame no one for
starting the war.
c. force Germany to pay reparations for the
war.
d. establish the League of Nations.
e. destroy the
Austrian and Russian empires.
d
At the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson sought all of the following
goals except
a. preventing a seizure of territory by the
victors.
b. an end to the European colonial empires in Africa and
Asia.
c. a world parliament of nations to provide collective
security.
d. national self-determination for smaller European
nations.
e. free trade and freedom of the seas.
b
Opposition to the League of Nations by many United States senators
during the Paris Peace
Conference
a. gave Allied leaders in
Paris a stronger bargaining position.
b. resulted in the League's
being left out of the final draft of the treaty.
c. led to an
abandonment of the Monroe Doctrine.
d. reinforced Germany's
unwillingness to sign the treaty.
e. forced Wilson to weaken the
League idea.
a
After the Treaty of Versailles had been signed, Woodrow
Wilson
a. remained a popular leader.
b. was condemned by
both disillusioned liberals and frustrated nationalists and
imperialists.
c. was more popular in Europe than in the United
States.
d. realized that he had made too many
compromises.
e. planned a shrewd strategy for gaining Senate approval.
b
In the United States, the most controversial aspect of the Treaty of
Versailles was the
a. principle of self-determination for smaller
nations in Europe and elsewhere.
b. severe reparations that
Germany would have to pay.
c. permanent U.S. alliance with
France.
d. provision for trusteeship of former German
colonies.
e. League of Nations.
e
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge effectively stalled the Treaty of
Versailles by
a. reading the entire treaty aloud and holding
extended hearings where opponents could
speak.
b. loading it down with numerous crippling
amendments.
c. insisting that a treaty of this magnitude should
not be ratified until the 1920 election.
d. requiring that Wilson
submit numerous reports explaining how the League of
Nations
would work.
e. mobilizing liberal intellectual
opinion against the treaty.
a
Senate opponents of the League of Nations, as proposed in the Treaty
of Versailles, argued that it
a. failed to provide enough German
financial reparations to the United States.
b. violated Wilson's
own Fourteen Points.
c. robbed Congress of its war-declaring
powers.
d. isolated the United States from postwar world
affairs.
e. was not fair enough to oppressed colonial peoples.
c
In Congress, the most reliable support for Wilson's position on the
League of Nations came from
a. Henry Cabot Lodge.
b.
pro-league Republicans.
c. the irreconcilables.
d.
Midwestern senators.
e. Democrats.
e
The Senate likely would have accepted American participation in the
League of Nations if Wilson had
a. stuck to the principles of his
own Fourteen Points.
b. guaranteed that American troops would
never be used in League peacemaking operations.
c. actively
campaigned for support from the American public.
d. been willing
to compromise with League opponents in Congress.
e. run for re-election.
d
Republican isolationists successfully turned Warren Harding's 1920
presidential victory into a
a. mandate for international arms
reduction.
b. victory for idealism and social tolerance.
c.
guarantee of U.S. military withdrawal from Latin America.
d.
crusade against Bolshevik communism.
e. death sentence for the
League of Nations.
e
During the course of World War I
a. American wages approximately
doubled.
b. American prices approximately doubled.
c. only a
handful of labor strikes occurred in the United States.
d.
American farm production declined.
e. women lost ground in the workforce.
b