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Viewing:

Lab Practical: (Chapter 9/10) The Skull: Cranial & Facial Bones

front 1

The frontal and maxillary sinuses, along with sinuses in the ethmoid and sphenoid bones, collectively form the paranasal sinuses. What painful condition results when the passages from these sinuses into the nasal cavity are blocked?

back 1

a sinus headache

front 2

With what structure does the temporal process of the zygomatic bones articulate

back 2

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

front 3

What two pairs of bones make up the hard palate?

back 3

bones- the maxillae and palatine bones

structures- the palatine process of the maxillae, and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones

front 4

What is the collective function of the auditory ossicles?

back 4

to transmit vibrations (sound) from the eardrum to the inner ear

front 5

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

back 5

The hyoid bones forms a base of attachment for the tongue. It also serves an attachments site for muscles involved in swallowing

front 6

Identify the bone indicated by the white star.

back 6

frontal bone

front 7

Identify the bone indicated by the green star.

back 7

zygomatic bone

front 8

Identify the bone indicated by the blue star

back 8

sphenoid bone

front 9

Identify the bone indicated by the red star

back 9

Maxillary bone

front 10

Identify the bone indicated by the pink star.

back 10

mandible

front 11

Identify the bone indicated by the yellow arrow.

back 11

nasal bone

front 12

identify the structure indicated by the red arrow.

back 12

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

front 13

What articulates with the red arrow structure inferiorly?

back 13

vomer

front 14

Identify the bone indicated by the green arrow.

back 14

inferior nasal concha

front 15

What is the function of the bone indicated by the green arrow?

back 15

Increases surface area and air turbulence in the nasal cavity

front 16

Identify the opening indicated by the blue arrow.

back 16

infraorbital foramen of the maxillary bone

front 17

Identify the ridge indicated by the red bracket.

back 17

Alveolar process of the maxillary bone

front 18

Identify the ridge indicated by the yellow bracket.

back 18

Alveolar process of the mandible

front 19

What articulates with the red and yellow bracket structures?

back 19

Teeth

front 20

Identify the opening indicated by the pink arrow.

back 20

mental foramen of the mandible

front 21

What passes through the opening indicated by the pink arrow?

back 21

inferior alveolar nerve

front 22

Identify the structure indicated by the green circle

back 22

condylar process of the mandible

front 23

What articulates with the structure

back 23

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

front 24

Identify the structure indicated by the yellow circle.

back 24

coronoid process of the mandible

front 25

What is the function of the structure indicated by the yellow circle

back 25

Attachment site for the temporalis muscle

front 26

Identify the region indicated by the red bracket.

back 26

Ramus of the mandible

front 27

Identify the region indicated by the green bracket.

back 27

Body of the mandible

front 28

Identify the structure indicated by the red arrow.

back 28

Angle of the mandible

front 29

Identify the ridge indicated by the yellow bracket.

back 29

Alveolar Process of the mandible

front 30

What articulates with the structure indicated by the yellow bracket.

back 30

Teeth

front 31

Identify the opening indicated by the blue arrow.

back 31

mental foramen of the mandible

front 32

What passes through the opening indicated by the blue arrow?

back 32

inferior alveolar nerve

front 33

Yellow Marrow is made of adipose tissue. What's its function?

back 33

yellow marrow in the bone is primarily for storage of energy

front 34

Consider the following bones: femur, humerus, sternum, scapula, and rib.

Which one of these bones contains compact bone?

Which of these bones contain bone marrow

back 34

All of the bones in the body contains compact bone and bone marrow

front 35

Consider the following bones: femur, humerus, sternum, scapula, and rib.

Which of these bones contain bone marrow

back 35

All of the bones in the body contains compact bone and bone marrow

front 36

What are the four sutures that involve the parietal bone?

List four structures and for each one name the other bone involved in the articulation

back 36

Sagittal Suture: The other parietal bone

Coronal Suture: frontal bone

Lambdoidal Suture: occipital bone

Squamous Suture: temporal bone

front 37

In general terms, why is it important for at least some of the cranial bones to have holes?

back 37

Holes are necessary so that blood vessels and nerves may enter and exit the skull

front 38

Where is the marrow if there is no marrow cavity?

back 38

The spongy bone

front 39

What is the function of red marrow and where is it found?

back 39

Function: Formation of Blood Cells

Found:

heads of femur (thigh)

humerus (upper arm)

sternum

coxal bone

front 40

Which are the only bones that have medullary cavities?

back 40

Long Bones

front 41

What are examples of flat bones?

back 41

ribs, scapula and sternum

front 42

What are two things that make bones in your fingers and toes long bones?

back 42

1. They're shaped like rods with the length generally greater than the diameter

2. Inside each long bone is a hollow cavity called medullary cavity (only in long bones)

front 43

Describe the Axial Skeleton?

back 43

the portion of the skeleton found in the longitudinal axis of the body

it consists of 80 bones, including those of the skull, the vertebral column and the thoracic cage

most are either flat or irregular bones

front 44

Describe the Appendicular Skeleton

back 44

Includes 126 bones that make up the arms, legs, pectoral and pelvic girdles. (girdles attach the arms and legs to the axial skeleton)

Most are either long or short bones

front 45

What is diploƫ?

back 45

Diploƫ is the spongy bone in the flat bone

front 46

Identify the type of bone indicated by the yellow arrow.

back 46

short bone

front 47

Identify the type of bone indicated by the pink arrow.

back 47

long bone

front 48

Identify the type of bone indicated by the blue arrow.

back 48

flat bone

front 49

Identify the type of bone indicated by the green arrow

back 49

irregular bone

front 50

Identify the structural region indicated by the pink bracket.

back 50

diaphysis

front 51

What membrane would surround the pink bracket region?

back 51

periosteum

front 52

Identify the structural regions indicated by the green ovals.

back 52

epiphyses

front 53

What would cover the joint surfaces in the green oval regions?

back 53

Hyaline (articular cartilage)

front 54

Identify the bone tissue indicated by the blue arrow.

back 54

compact bone

front 55

Identify the structure indicated by the purple bracket.

back 55

epiphyseal line

front 56

What was the purple bracket structure previously?

back 56

epiphyseal plate

front 57

What type of bone is indicated by the red star?

back 57

spongy bone

front 58

What space is indicated by the blue star?

back 58

medullary cavity

front 59

What would be found within the space indicated by the blue star and what is its function?

back 59

yellow bone marrow

(adipose tissue=energy storage)