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38 notecards = 10 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

HESI Lab Values

front 1

HGB- Hemoglobin

back 1

MALE: 13.5-17.5 grams/dL
FEMALE: 12.0-15.5 grams/dL

Oxygen-carrying protein on red blood cell. low = anemia

front 2

HCT- Hematocrit

back 2

MALE: 40 -50.0 %
FEMALE: 35 - 45 %

Proportion of RBCs to fluid in blood

low = anemia

front 3

WBC- white blood cell

back 3

3.5-10.5 billion cells/L
(3,500 to 10,500 cells/mcL)

High WBC- infection or inflammation; immune system or bone marrow issues
Low WBC (leukopenia)- autoimmune disorder, bone marrow problems, cancer

front 4

RBC- red blood cell

back 4

MALE: 4.32 - 5.72 trillion cells/L
FEMALE: 3.9 - 5.03 trillion cells/L

High RBC (erythrocytosis)- polycythemia Vera, heart disease
Low- anemia

front 5

Potassium- K+

back 5

3.5-5.1 mmol/dL

High: transient abdominal cramps, diarrhea, cardiac arrest if severe- ECG abnormalities
Low: resp. muscle weakness, abdominal distention, decreased bowel sounds, constipation

front 6

Calcium

back 6

8.2-10.2 mmol/dL

High: Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, constipation, fatigue, diminished reflexes, lethargy, decreased level of consciousness, confusion, personality change, cardiac arrest if severe

Low: Numbness and tingling of fingers, toes, and circumoral (around mouth) region, positive Chvostek's sign (contraction of facial muscles when facial nerve is tapped), hyperactive reflexes, muscle twitching and cramping; carpal and pedal spasms, tetany, seizures, laryngospasm, dysrhythmias.

front 7

Sodium

back 7

136-145 mmol/dL

BOTH: Decreased level of consciousness (confusion, lethargy, coma)

High: perhaps thirst, seizures if develops rapidly or is very severe.

Low: seizures if develops rapidly or is very severe. Aka. Water intoxication; water excess

front 8

Chloride

back 8

98-107 mmol/dL

negatively charged ion- works w/ other electrolytes to regulate body fluid & acid base balance

High: dehydration, problems that cause high sodium- kidney dz, Cushing syndrome.

Low: occurs w/ low sodium- CHF, vomiting, gastric suction, chronic lung dz- resp. acidosis

front 9

Phosphate

back 9

2.4-4.5

Like calcium, found in bones and teeth

High: Kidney dz decreases excretion of excess phosphate in blood. Extra can cause calcium to be pulled out of bones.

Low: meds prevent absorption, low mag (needed to absorb), high calcium (binds to), certain breathing problems

front 10

BUN

(blood urea nitrogen)

back 10

5-25 mg/dL

Urea is the product of protein metabolism by liver and is excreted by kidneys. (reabsorbable)

High: dehydration, prerenal failure, minimally age, digested blood from GI bleeding.

Low: overhydration (hypervolemia), liver failure, malnutrition, SIADH, malabsorption

front 11

Creatinine

(Cr)

back 11

0.5-1.5 mg/dL

front 12

BUN:CR RATION

back 12

10:1

differentiate renal issue and other issues

High: volume depletion issues Low: liver disease, malnutrition, decrease protein,

front 13

ALT

back 13

15-65 U/L

enzyme found in the liver that helps your body metabolize protein

High: When the liver is damaged, ALT is released into the bloodstream and levels increase

Low: normal and expected

front 14

PT (Prothrombin time)

back 14

11-14 seconds

Time it takes blood to clot

High: may indicate liver damage or certain blood thinning drugs

front 15

aPTT

back 15

30-40 seconds

PT w/ activator added to blood

Evaluate: response to heparin

front 16

INR

back 16

<1.1 normal

2.0-3.0 therapeutic

Ratio allows for universal comparison

High: Clotting too slow- medication, liver problems, vit K def., âclotting proteins

Low: Clotting to quickly- supplemental vit K or Ý intake, estrogen containing meds (OCP)

front 17

PaCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide

back 17

35-45

higher the more acidic, lower more basic

front 18

HCO3 sodium bicarbonate

back 18

22-26

Higher more basic, lower more acidic

front 19

PaO2

back 19

80-100%

front 20

ESR/ sed rate

back 20

0-22 men

0-29 women

non-specific measure of inflammation

The speed at which the red blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube is measured. Inflammation can cause abnormal proteins to appear in your blood. These proteins cause your red blood cells to clump together.

front 21

PTT

back 21

60-70 Evaluate: response to heparin

front 22

Calcium (Ca+) & ________ have inverse relationship

back 22

Phosphorus

front 23

Magnesium (Mg+) & ________ have a direct relationship.

back 23

Calcium. Ca+

front 24

Potassium, chloride and _________ have direct relationships.

back 24

Na-

front 25

Magnesium is mostly stored in _______ & _______.

back 25

Bones & cartilage

front 26

If a patient is acidotic, hydrogen enters the cell and _______ exits

back 26

Potassium K+

front 27

If a patient is _____________they should avoid salt substitutes

back 27

Hyperkalemic

front 28

A patient with hyperkalemia will have __________ __________T waves on an EKG.

back 28

Tall tented

front 29

Cell membrane walls are __________ charged and repel chloride.

back 29

Negatively -

front 30

The ECF and ICE distribution is mainly controlled by ________

back 30

Sodium Na-

front 31

Hypernatremic patients will have __________ cardiac activity.

back 31

Decreased

front 32

Platelets

back 32

150,000 - 450,000

front 33

Magnesium

back 33

1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L

front 34

Bicarbonate HCo3-

back 34

22 - 26 mEq/L

front 35

pH

back 35

7.35 - 7.45

front 36

PaCo2

back 36

35 - 45 mmHg

front 37

PaO2

back 37

80 - 100 %

front 38

A1c

back 38

Normal - 5.7%

Prediabetes - 5.7% - 6.4%

Diabetes - 6.5%<