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chapter 14

front 1

A commensal bacterium

back 1

may also be an opportunistic pathogen

front 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE

back 2

At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship

front 3

A nosocomial infection is

back 3

acquired during the course of hospitalization

front 4

The major significance of Robert Kochs work is that

back 4

microorganisms cause disease.

front 5

Which of the following is NOT a verified exception in the use of Kochs postulat

back 5

Some diseases are noncommunicable.

front 6

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection

back 6

botulism

front 7

Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission

back 7

involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission.

front 8

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

back 8

epidemic: a disease that is endemic across the world

front 9

Focal infections initially start out as

back 9

local infections

front 10

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can be directly attributed to

back 10

vaccinations

front 11

Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is this condition called?

back 11

septicemia

front 12

Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?

back 12

gram-negative cell walls

front 13

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota

back 13

are present for a relatively short time.

front 14

Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is FALSE?

back 14

The patient was infected before hospitalization.

front 15

One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in

back 15

increased susceptibility to disease.

front 16

Which of the following is NOT a reservoir of infection

back 16

None of the answers is correct; all of these can be reservoirs of infection

front 17

Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease

back 17

tetanus

front 18

Which of the following is a fomite

back 18

a hypodermic needle

front 19

Which of the following statements about biological transmission is FALSE?

back 19

Houseflies are an important vector

front 20

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT

back 20

secondary infection: a long-lasting ill

front 21

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms

back 21

are changes felt by the patient

front 22

The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called

back 22

epidemiology

front 23

Figure 14.1 shows the incidence of influenza during a typical year. Which letter on the graph indicates the endemic level?

back 23

d

front 24

Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

back 24

The emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these.

front 25

Which of the following pairs is mismatched

back 25

None of the pairs is mismatched

front 26

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections

back 26

All of the answers are correct

front 27

In Figure 14.2, when is the prevalence the highest?

back 27

February

front 28

A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of

back 28

vehicle transmission

front 29

A researcher has performed a prospective study on a disease. To which specific kind of epidemiological study is this referring?

back 29

descriptive

front 30

The CDC is located

back 30

Atlanta, GA

front 31

A disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time before producing symptoms is referred to as

back 31

latent

front 32

A needlestick is an example of

back 32

indirect contact transmission by fomite

front 33

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease

back 33

All of these are predisposing factors of disease

front 34

In which of the following diseases can gender be considered a viable predisposing factor?

back 34

urinary tract infections

front 35

In which of the following patterns of disease does the patient experience no signs or symptoms?

back 35

both incubation and convalescence

front 36

During a six-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever 39C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years.

36) Situation 14.1 is an example of

back 36

a zoonosis.

front 37

The etiologic agent of the disease in Situation 14.1 is

back 37

Coxiella burnetii.

front 38

The method of transmission of the disease in Situation 14.1 was

back 38

vehicle

front 39

Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism?

back 39

bacteria causing disease

front 40

The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of

back 40

antagonistic bacteria

front 41

If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur prior to

back 41

illness

front 42

Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis

back 42

All of these are zoonos

front 43

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

back 43

nosocomial infection

front 44

The graph in Figure 14.3 shows the incidence of polio in the United States. The period between 1945 and 1955 indicates a(n)

back 44

epidemic level.

front 45

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

back 45

The M in MRSA stands for mannitol