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Chapter 17 - Microbiology BIOL 2420

front 1

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

A) innate immunity

B) naturally acquired active immunity

C) naturally acquired passive immunity

D) artificially acquired active immunity

E) artificially acquired passive immunity

back 1

D

front 2

What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?

A) innate immunity

B) naturally acquired active immunity

C) naturally acquired passive immunity

D) artificially acquired active immunity

E) artificially acquired passive immunity

back 2

E

front 3

What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

A) innate immunity

B) naturally acquired active immunity

C) naturally acquired passive immunity

D) artificially acquired active immunity

E) artificially acquired passive immunity

back 3

B

front 4

Which of the following is the best definition of epitope?

A) specific regions on antigens that interact with T-cell receptors

B) specific regions on antigens that interact with MHC class molecules

C) specific regions on antigens that interact with haptens

D) specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies

E) specific regions on antigens that interact with perforins

back 4

D

front 5

A human's resistance to canine distemper

A) Innate immunity

B) Naturally acquired active immunity

C) Naturally acquired passive immunity

D) Artificially acquired active immunity

E) Artificially acquired passive immunity

back 5

A

front 6

Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of

A) innate immunity.

B) naturally acquired active immunity.

C) naturally acquired passive immunity.

D) artificially acquired active immunity.

E) artificially acquired passive immunity.

back 6

C

front 7

Immunity due to injection of tetanus toxoid

A) innate immunity.

B) naturally acquired active immunity.

C) naturally acquired passive immunity.

D) artificially acquired active immunity.

E) artificially acquired passive immunity.

back 7

D

front 8

Immunity that is not due to antibodies

A) innate immunity.

B) naturally acquired active immunity.

C) naturally acquired passive immunity.

D) artificially acquired active immunity.

E) artificially acquired passive immunity.

back 8

A

front 9

Immunity due to injection of an antigen

A) innate immunity.

B) naturally acquired active immunity.

C) naturally acquired passive immunity.

D) artificially acquired active immunity.

E) artificially acquired passive immunity.

back 9

E

front 10

Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?

A) TC cell

B) B cell

C) TH cell

D) Natural killer cell

E) Basophil

back 10

C

front 11

T cells are activated by:

A) Interaction between CD4 and MHC II

B) Interaction between TRCs and MHC II

C) Cytokines released by dentritic cells

D) Cytokines released by B cells

E) Complement

back 11

A

front 12

The specificity of an antibody is due to

A) its valence.

B) the H chains.

C) the L chains.

D) the constant portions of the H and L chains.

E) the variable portions of the H and L chains.

back 12

E

front 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?

A) They originate in bone marrow.

B) They have antibodies on their surfaces.

C) They are responsible for the memory response.

D) They are responsible for antibody formation.

E) They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.

back 13

E

front 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?

A) The cells originate in bone marrow.

B) Cells are processed in the thymus gland.

C) It can inhibit the immune response.

D) It includes macrophages

E) None of the above

back 14

D

front 15

Plasma cells are activated by a(n)

A) antigen.

B) T cell.

C) B cell.

D) memory cell.

E) None of the above

back 15

A

front 16

The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are

A) IgG.

B) IgM.

C) IgA.

D) IgD.

E) IgE.

back 16

C

front 17

The antibodies found on of B cells are

A) IgG.

B) IgM.

C) IgA.

D) IgD.

E) IgE.

back 17

D

front 18

The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are

A) IgG.

B) IgM.

C) IgA.

D) IgD.

E) IgE.

back 18

E

front 19

In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are

A) IgG

B) IgM

C) IgA

D) IgD

E) IgE

back 19

B

front 20

Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are

A) IgG.

B) IgM.

C) IgA.

D) IgD.

E) IgE.

back 20

B

front 21

The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is

A) IgG.

B) IgM.

C) IgA.

D) IgD.

E) IgE.

back 21

A

front 22

In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the patient's secondary response to an antigen?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

back 22

C

front 23

In Figure 17.1, the arrow at time d indicates

A) The time of exposure to the same antigen as at time a

B) The secondary response

C) The primary response

D) Exposure to a new antigen

E) None of the above

back 23

D

front 24

In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the patient's response to a second antigen?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

back 24

E

front 25

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) The variable region of a heavy chain binds with antigen.

B) The variable region of a light chain binds with antigen.

C) The Fc region attaches to a host cell.

D) The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.

E) None of the above.

back 25

D

front 26

The best definition of antigen is

A) something foreign in the body

B) a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies

C) a chemical that combines with antibodies

D) a pathogen

E) a protein that combines with antibodies

back 26

B

front 27

The best definitions of an antibody is

A) A serum protein

B) A protein that inactivates or kills an antigen

C) A protein made in response to an antigen that can combine with that antigen

D) An immunoglobulin

E) None of the above

back 27

C

front 28

The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step?

A) Antigen-digest goes to surface of APC.

B) APC phagocytizes antigen.

C) B cell is activated.

D) TH cell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.

E) TH cell produces cytokines.

back 28

D

front 29

In Figure 17.2, which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies?

A) a and b

B) a and c

C) b and c

D) c and d

E) b and d

back 29

D

front 30

In Figure 17.2, which areas are different for all IgM antibodies?

A) a and b

B) a and c

C) b and c

D) c and d

back 30

A

front 31

In Figure 17.2, which areas represent antigen-binding sites?

A) a and b

B) a and c

C) b and c

D) c and d

E) b and d

back 31

A

front 32

In Figure 17.2, what can attach to a host cell?

A) a and c

B) band c

C) b

D) d

E) e

back 32

E

front 33

Figure 17.2 could be all of the following except

A) IgM

B) IgG

C) IgD

D) IgE

E) None of the above

back 33

A

front 34

The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

A) IgA

B) IgG

C) IgM

D) IgD

E) IgE

back 34

C

front 35

Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

A) TC

B) TR

C) TH

D) Dendritic cells

E) None of the above

back 35

A

front 36

The following events occur in cellular immunity. What is the third step?

A) Antibodies are produced.

B) Dendritic cell takes up antigen.

C) Antigen enters M cell.

D) TH cell produces cytokines.

E) TH cells proliferate.

back 36

E

front 37

Cytokines released by TH1 cells

A) activate CD8 cells to CTLs.

B) convert TH1 cells to TH2 cells.

C) convert TH2 cells to TH1 cells.

D) kill parasites.

E) convert B cells to T cells.

back 37

A

front 38

Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?

A) Antigen

B) Hapten

C) IL-1

D) IL-2

E) Perforin

back 38

E

front 39

Patients with an inherited type of colon cancer called familial adenomatous polyposis have a mutation in the gene that codes for

A) Apoptosis

B) IgE antibodies

C) Helper T cells

D) ADCC

E) Phagocytosis

back 39

A

front 40

Chemical signals sent between leukocytes are

A) TCRs

B) Interferons

C) Interleukins

D) Tumor necrosis factor

E) Colony-stimulating factor

back 40

C

front 41

All of the following are true about natural killer cells except

A) They destroy virus-infected cells.

B) They destroy tumor cells.

C) They destroy cells lacking MHC I.

D) They are stimulated by an antigen.

E) None of the above.

back 41

D

front 42

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by

A) Antibodies.

B) Macrophages.

C) Helper T cells.

D) B cells.

E) None of the above.

back 42

B

front 43

Antigens coated with antibodies are susceptible to

A) Further antibody attack

B) Phagocytosis

C) Helper T cells

D) B cells

E) None of the above

back 43

B

front 44

Cell death caused by perforin and granzymes is caused by

A) CD8 cells

B) TH1 cells

C) TH2 cells

D) B cells

E) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

back 44

E

front 45

IL-2, produced by TH cells,

A) activates macrophages.

B) stimulates TH cell maturation.

C) causes phagocytosis.

D) activates antigen-presenting cells.

E) none of the above

back 45

B

front 46

Antigen-antibody binding may result in all of the following except

A) Agglutination of the antigens

B) Complement activation

C) IL-2 production

D) Neutralization of the antigen

E) Opsonization os the antigen

back 46

C

front 47

Apoptosis results in significant leakage of cellular contents.

True/False

back 47

False

front 48

Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.

True/False

back 48

True

front 49

Only dendritic cells produce interleukins.

True/False

back 49

False

front 50

The production of interferons at an infection site is critical for chemotaxis.

True/False

back 50

False

front 51

Cytokine storms negatively impact human health.

True/False

back 51

True

front 52

The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible the significant diversity of antigen targets.

True/False

back 52

False

front 53

Plasma cells will eventually differentiate into memory cells.

True/False

back 53

False

front 54

Memory cells do not require B cell receptors.

True/False

back 54

False

front 55

The implementation of vaccinations occurred prior to experimental support for the germ theory of disease.

True/Fasle

back 55

True

front 56

When haptens attach to carrier molecules, an epitope forms on hapten which then can be bound to antibody.

True/False

back 56

False