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Exam II

front 1

What includes all of the pyrimidines found in RNA and DNA?

back 1

cytosine, uracil, thymine

front 2

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

back 2

as a disaccharide

front 3

Which class of biological molecules does NOT include polymers?

back 3

lipids

front 4

You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?

back 4

primary structure

front 5

A fat (or triaclygycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between...

back 5

three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10

front 6

The chemical reaction illustrated in the accompanying figure___.

back 6

results in a peptide bond

front 7

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence___.

back 7

5'TGCAAT3'

front 8

What description best fits the class of molecules known as nucleosides?

back 8

a nitrogenous base and a sugar

front 9

Which statement summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

back 9

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart

front 10

Proteorhodopsin consists of a single polypeptide chain. What is the highest level of structure found in this protein?

back 10

tertiary

front 11

The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

back 11

Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein

front 12

Why is glycogen extensively branched?

back 12

to be digested faster

front 13

Which macromolecule leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell thorugh pores in the nuclear membrane?

back 13

mRNA

front 14

Which organelle is the primary state of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

back 14

Mitochondrion

front 15

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

back 15

ER --> Golgi --> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

front 16

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

back 16

mitochondrion

front 17

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that___.

back 17

light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells

front 18

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT___.

back 18

an endoplasmic reticulum

front 19

What produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

back 19

Golgi apparatus

front 20

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely...

back 20

primarily producing proteins in the cytosol

front 21

Where would you expect to find tight junctions?

back 21

in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes

front 22

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through...

back 22

gap junctions

front 23

Which statement correctly describes a prokaryotic cell's length?

back 23

10,000 nano-meter.

front 24

A sperm would be unable to swim if it does not have___.

back 24

Ribosome, actin, and centrosome.

front 25

Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes?

back 25

There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane

front 26

The membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold by ___.

back 26

increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane

front 27

What will happen to a red blood cell (RBC), which has an internal ion concentration of about 0.9 percent, if it is placed into a beaker of pure water?

back 27

the cell would swell because the water in the beaker is hyoptonic relative to the cytoplasm of the RBC.

front 28

In some cells, there are many ion electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane even though there are usually only one or two proton pumps present in the membrane. The gradients of the other ions are most likely accounted for by ___.

back 28

passive diffusion across the plasma membrane

front 29

What is NOT amphipathic?

back 29

the surface of peripheral proteins

front 30

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

back 30

small and hydrophobic

front 31

Which component is a peripheral protein?

back 31

D

front 32

White blood cells engulf bacteria using___.

back 32

Phagocytosis

front 33

Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

back 33

Catabolism (catabolic pathways)

front 34

A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is best desribed as...

back 34

endergonic

front 35

What is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?

back 35

a molecule of glucose

front 36

Which of the following is true of enzymes?

back 36

enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering energy barriers.

front 37

Which of the following involves a decrease in entropy?

back 37

condensation reactions

front 38

A noncompetitive inhibitor decreases the rate of enzyme reaction by...

back 38

changing the shape of the enzyme's active site

front 39

The mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is ΔG= ΔH-TΔS. Which of the following is correct?

back 39

ΔG is the change in free energy.

front 40

Which temperature and pH profile curves on the graphs were most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach where conditions are strongly acid?

back 40

curves 3 and 4

front 41

Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

back 41

every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe