front 1 With muscular dystrophy ________. | back 1 Muscle fibers degenerate and atrophy |
front 2 which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate? | back 2 Smooth |
front 3 Most muscles contain ___________. | back 3 a mixture of fiber types |
front 4 fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of__________. | back 4 intense exercise of short duration |
front 5 The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by __________. | back 5 increasing the stimulation p to the maximal stimulus |
front 6 Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases ? | back 6 Motor units with larger, less excitable neurons |
front 7 Which of the following is not a usual result of resistance exercise ? | back 7 increase in the number of muscle cells |
front 8 In skeletal muscle contraction, calcium apparently acts to _______. | back 8 remove the blocking action of tropomyosin |
front 9 Calcium ions bind to the ______ molecule in skeletal muscle cells. | back 9 troponin |
front 10 Myoglobin ______. | back 10 stores oxygen in muscle cells |
front 11 An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the _______. | back 11 Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
front 12 A sarcomere is _______. | back 12 the area between two Z discs |
front 13 Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the _______ period during which the events o excitation - contraction coupling occur. | back 13 Latent |
front 14 Creatine Phosphate functions in the muscle cell by _____. | back 14 storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP |
front 15 After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased , the calcium _______. | back 15 level in the cytoplasm drops |
front 16 The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to _________. | back 16 regulate intracellular calcium concentration |
front 17 The striations of a skeletal muscle cell are produced, for the most part, by _______. | back 17 the arrangement of myofilaments |
front 18 Which of the following are composed of myosin ? | back 18 Thick filaments |
front 19 During muscle contraction, myosin cross brides attach to which active sites ? | back 19 actin filaments |
front 20 Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell ? | back 20 Endomysium |
front 21 Smooth muscle that act like skeletal muscles but are controlled by autonomic nerves and hormones are ____? | back 21 Multiunit muscles |
front 22 Rigor mortis occurs because _______? | back 22 no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules |
front 23 Which of the following does not act as a stimulus to initiate a muscle contraction ? | back 23 A change of Temperature |
front 24 The term aponeurosis refers to | back 24 A sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element |
front 25 The oxygen binding protein found in muscle cells is | back 25 myoglobin |
front 26 The contractile units of skeletal muscles are _______. | back 26 myofibrils |
front 27 The site of calcium regulation in the smooth muscle cell is | back 27 calmodulin |
front 28 One function unit of a skeletal muscle is | back 28 a sarcomere |
front 29 The functional role of the T tubules is to ______. | back 29 enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction |
front 30 The role of calcium ions in muscle contractions is to ______. | back 30 bind to regulatory sites on troponin, changing the configuration |
front 31 The warm-up period required of athletes in order to bring their muscles to peal performance is called _______. | back 31 Treppe |
front 32 The main effect of the warm-up period of athletes, as the muscle contractions increase in strength, is to ________. | back 32 enhance the availability of calcium and the efficiency of enzyme systems |
front 33 During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to _____. | back 33 Lactic Acid |
front 34 When a muscle is unable to respond to stimuli temporarily, it is in which of the following periods ? | back 34 refractory period |
front 35 In the isotonic contraction, the muscle ______. | back 35 changes in length and moves the "load" |
front 36 The muscle cell membrane is called the ________. | back 36 Sarcolemma |
front 37 Smooth muscle is significantly different from striated muscle in several ways, Which of the following is true ? | back 37 Smooth muscle contracts in a twisting way |
front 38 The mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in that ______. | back 38 the site of calcium regulation differs |
front 39 The cells of single- unit visceral muscle ______. | back 39 exhibit spontaneous action potentials |
front 40 Which of the following statements is not true concerning developmental aspects of muscle ? | back 40 There is no biological basis for the difference in strength between women and men. |
front 41 Which of the following is true about smooth muscle contraction ? | back 41 Certain smooth muscle cells can actually divide to increase their numbers |
front 42 Smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following except _____. | back 42 There are more thick filaments than thin filaments |
front 43 The giant protein titin maintains the organization of the _______ assisting in muscle stretching. | back 43 A band |
front 44 Muscle tissue have all of the following properties except | back 44 Secretion |
front 45 Which of the following statements is true ? | back 45 Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei |
front 46 An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is _____. | back 46 glycolysis |
front 47 Muscle tone is _______. | back 47 A state of sustained partial contraction |
front 48 The sliding filament model of contraction involves _______. | back 48 actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlap |
front 49 After nervous stimulation stops, ACh in the synaptic cleft is prevented from continuing stimulation of contraction by ___________. | back 49 Acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh |
front 50 Which of the following is most accurate ? | back 50 Muscle tension remains relatively constant during isotonic contraction |
front 51 The most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue is _______. | back 51 The ability to transform Chemical energy into mechanical energy |
front 52 Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their size, speed, and endurance , Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of red fibers ? | back 52 A long, relaxing swim |
front 53 Of the following muscle types, which has only one nucleus , no sarcomeres, and rare gap junctions ? | back 53 Multiunit smooth muscle |
front 54 Hypothetically, if a muscle were stretched to the point where thick and thin filaments no longer overlapped ________. | back 54 no muscle tension could be gathered |
front 55 An individual has just ingested a chemical that binds irreversibly to the ACh receptors in the sarcolemma. By itself it does not alter membrane potential , yet prevents normal neurotransmitter binding. ignoring the effects on nay other system, the consequence to skeletal muscle would be .... | back 55 no contraction at all by nervous mechanisms, but contraction if stimulated by an external electrode |