front 1 What is the Nervous System? | back 1 A complex, highly organized system that coordinates all the activities of the body. |
front 2 What is a neuron? | back 2 A nerve cell. |
front 3 What is a Synapses? | back 3 The space between the axons and the ends of the dendrites. |
front 4 What allows nerve impulses to pass from one neuron to another? | back 4 Neurotransmitters |
front 5 What does the Myelin Sheath do? | back 5 It increases the rate of impulse transmission and insulates and maintains the axon. |
front 6 What is the purpose of Sensory Nerves? | back 6 To carry messages from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord. |
front 7 What do Motor Nerves do? | back 7 They carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands. |
front 8 What do Internuncial Nerves carry? | back 8 Motor and Sensory messages |
front 9 What does the Central Nervous System consist of? What two divisions of nerves does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of? | back 9 Brain and Spinal Cord Somatic Nervous System(carries messages between CNS and the body) and Autonomic Nervous System(contains Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems, which control involuntary body functions) |
front 10 What are the 6 parts of the Brain and what do they do? | back 10
|
front 11 Where does the spinal cord come down from and end? | back 11 The Spinal Cord comes down from the medulla oblongata and ends at the first or second vertebrae |
front 12 What are Meninges? | back 12 The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord |
front 13 What are the three membranes in meninges? | back 13
|
front 14 True or False: The brain has four ventricles. (hollow spaces that connect with each other and the subarachnoid) | back 14 True |
front 15 True or False: Cerebrospinal Fluid is colorless fluid that circulates continually through the ventricles and the subarachnoid space. | back 15 True |
front 16 Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ventricles of the brain by what special structures? | back 16 Chroid Plexuses |
front 17 Does Cerebrospinal fluid remove metabolic products and wastes? | back 17 Yes |
front 18 What does Cerebrospinal fluid act as to protect the brain and spinal cord? | back 18 A Shock Absorber |
front 19 Does Cerebrospinal fluid carry nutrients to some parts of the brain and spinal cord? | back 19 Yes |
front 20 What are the special structures called that return the cerebrospinal fluid to the blood stream? | back 20 Arachnoid Villi |
front 21 What does Cerebrospinal fluid do after it is done circulating? | back 21 It gets absorbed into the blood vessels of the dura mater and is returned into the blood stream by arachnoid villi |
front 22 What is the Brain? | back 22 A mass of nerve tissue well protected by membranes |
front 23 What is the bone that protects the brain? | back 23 Skull or Cranium |
front 24 How does the Pia Mater provide nourishment to the nerve tissue? | back 24 It is closely attached to the brain and spinal cord, and contains blood vessels that nourish the nerve tissue |
front 25 True or False: The Medulla Oblongata is at the highest part of the brainstem. | back 25 False. It is located at the lowest part of the brainstem |
front 26 How many pairs of cranial nerves does the somatic nervous system consist of? | back 26 12 pairs |
front 27 How many spinal nerves does the somatic nervous system consist of? | back 27 31 pairs |
front 28 What are some of the special senses some of the cranial nerves are responsible for? | back 28 Sight, hearing, taste, and smell. |
front 29 What are the other cranial nerves responsible for? | back 29 They receive sensations like touch, pressure, pain, and temperature. They also send out impulses for involuntary muscle control. |
front 30 What does the autonomic system help keep in balance and allow? | back 30 It maintains the balance in involuntary functions and allows the body to react in times of emergency. |
front 31 What does the two systems (sympathetic and parasympathetic systems) work together to make happen? | back 31 They make a balanced state or homeostasis and to control involuntary body functions at proper rates. |
front 32 How does the sympathetic system do to prepare the body in times of emergency? | back 32 Increasing heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. It slows the digestive tract activity. This is called the fight or flight response. |
front 33 How does the parasympathetic counteract the actions of the sympathetic system? | back 33 It slows the heart rate, lowering blood pressure, and increasing the activity of the digestive tract. |
front 34 What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Lou Gehrig's disease? | back 34 It is a chronic, degenerative neuromuscular disease. |
front 35 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 35 There is no known cause but they suspect there are genetic or viral-immune factors. Nerve cells in the CNS that control voluntary movement degenerate in resulting in atrophy or weakening in the muscle control. The symptoms are muscle weakness, abnormal reflexes, tripping, and falling, impaired hand and arm movement, and difficulty speaking or swallowing. As the disease progress its affects can result in total body paralysis. Long term affects can be losing all ability to communicate, breathe, eat, and move. But it does not affect the mind so its an active mind inside of a paralyzed body. |
front 36 Whats the usual life span of a patient with this disease? | back 36 4-6 but some patients with slower progression can have 10-20 years. |
front 37 What is Carpel Tunnel? | back 37 A condition that occurs when the medial nerves and tendons that pass through a canal or "tunnel" on their way from the forearm to the hands and fingers are pinched. |
front 38 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 38 It is caused by repetitive movements of the wrist which causes swelling around this tunnel which puts pressure on the nerves and tendons. The symptoms are pain, muscle weakness in the and, and impaired movement. |
front 39 What is the treatment? | back 39 This can be treated with anti-inflammatory medications, analgesics for pain, and splinting to immobilize the joint. |
front 40 What is Cerebral palsy? | back 40 This a disturbance in voluntary muscle actions. There are three forms: Spastic, Athetoid, Atactic. |
front 41 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 41 This disease is caused by brain damage, lack of oxygen to the brain, birth injuries, prenatal rubella (German measles), and infections. The symptoms are exagerated reflexes, tense muscles, contracture development, seizures, speech impairment, spasms, tremors, and in some cases mental retardation. |
front 42 Can this be cured? Are there treatments? | back 42 No it can not be cured but there are some treatments to help with the affects. These can include physical, occupational, and speech therapy. There are also other treatments to help like muscle relaxants, anti-convulsion drugs, casts, braces, and/ or orthopedic surgery. |
front 43 What is Cerebrovascular Accident? | back 43 A brain attack, stroke; or apoplexy, occurs when the blood flow to the brain is impaired, resulting in a lack of oxygen and a destruction of brain tissue. |
front 44 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 44 It is caused by cerebral hemorrhage resulting from hypertension, an aneurysm, or a weak blood vessel; or by an occlusion, or blockage, caused by atherosclerosis or a thrombus. The symptoms vary depending on the area and amount of brain damage. Some common symptoms of an acute CVA include loss of consciousness, weakness paralysis on one side of the body, dizziness, dysphagia, visual disturbances, mental confusion, aphasia, and incontinence. |
front 45 Can it be cured? Are there treatments? | back 45 There isn't a cure. The treatments are physical, occupational, and speech therapy treatment. |
front 46 What is Encephalitis? | back 46 Inflammation of the brain |
front 47 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 47 It is caused by a virus, bacterium, chemical agent, or as a complication of measles, chicken pox, or mumps. It is contracted by mosquito bites, because mosquitoes can carry the Encephalitis virus. The symptoms vary but may include fever, extreme weakness, vomiting, stiff neck and back, disorientation, seizures, and coma. |
front 48 Can it be cured? Are there treatments? | back 48 No it can not be cured. Treatment methods include antiviral drugs, maintenance of fluids and electrolytes balance, anti-seizure medication, and monitoring of respiratory and kidney functions. |
front 49 What is Epilepsy? | back 49 A brain disorder associated with abnormal electrical impulses in the neurons of the brain |
front 50 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 50 The causes include brain injury, birth trauma, tumors, toxins such as lead or carbon monoxide, and infections. The symptoms include absence seizures are milder seizures in which they lose consciousness lasting several seconds. Generalized tonic-clonic are the most severe seizures are characterized by loss of consciousness lasting several minutes, convulsions accompanied by violent shaking and thrashing movement; hyper-salivation, causing the mouth to foam; and loss of bodily functions. Some individuals experience an aura such as a particular smell, ringing in the ears, visual disturbances, or tingling in the fingers and/or toes before the seizure occurs. |
front 51 Can it be cured? Are there treatments? | back 51 No there is not a cure. The only treatment is anticonvulsant drugs. |
front 52 What is Hydrocephalus? | back 52 An excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles and in some cases, the subarachnoid space of the brain. |
front 53 What are the cause and symptoms? | back 53 It is caused by a congenital defect, infection, or tumor that obstructs the flow of cerebrospinal fluid out of the brain. Symptoms include an abnormally enlarged head, prominent forehead, bulging eyes, irritability, distended scalp veins,and when pressure prevents proper development of the brain, retardation. |
front 54 Can it be cured? Are there treatments? | back 54 There is no cure. The treatment is having a shunt surgically implanted between the ventricles and the veins, heart, or abdominal peritoneal cavity to provide for drainage of the excess fluid. |
front 55 What is Meningitis? | back 55 An inflammation of the meninges of the brain and /or spinal cord. |
front 56 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 56 It is caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, or toxin such as lead or arsenic. Symptoms include high fever, headaches, back and neck pain and stiffness, nausea and vomiting, delirium, convulsions, and if untreated, coma and death. |
front 57 Can it be cured? Are there treatments? | back 57 It can be cured. Treatments include antibiotics, antipyretics, anticonvulsants, and/or medications for pain and cerebral edema. |
front 58 What is Multiple Sclerosis? | back 58 Is a chronic, progressive, disabling condition |
front 59 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 59 It is caused by a degeneration of the myelin sheath in the CNS. The cause is unknown but genetics or a viral infection of the immune system are suspected. Early symptoms include visual disturbances such as diplopia, weakness, fatigue, poor coordination, and tingling and numbness. Later symptoms include tremors, muscle spasms, paralysis, speech impairment, emotional swings, and incontinence occur. |
front 60 Can it be cured? Are there treatments? | back 60 There is no cure. Treatment methods such as physical therapy, muscle relaxants, steroids, and psychological counseling are used to maintain functional ability as long as possible. |
front 61 What is Neuralgia? | back 61 This is nerve pain. |
front 62 What are the causes and symptoms? | back 62 This is caused by immflamation, pressure, toxins, and other diseases. |
front 63 What are the treatments? | back 63 The treatments help what is causing the pain. |
front 64 WHat is Paralysis? | back 64 This usually results from brain or spinal cord damage that destroys neurons and results in a loss off funsction and sensation below the level of injury. |
front 65 What are the three types? | back 65 Hemiplegia is paralysis of one side o the body and is caused bya tumor, injury, or CVA. The second type is paraplegia is in the lower extremities and is caused by a spinal cord injury. The third type is Quadraplegia. This is paralysis of the legs, arms, and body below the spinal cord. |
front 66 Is there a way to cure it? | back 66 There is no known cure although they are working on how to repair the spinal cord damage. Treatment methods are supportive like physical and occupational therapy. |