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Biology 125 Chapter 11

front 1

What is the central nervous system composed of?

back 1

Brain and Spinal Cord

front 2

Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via?

back 2

interneurons

front 3

Axons branch into axon terminals, which have _______ located at the terminal ends.

back 3

Bulbs

front 4

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they are a?

back 4

are a type of neuroglial cell.

front 5

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease that results from nerve damage in the?

back 5

spinal cord.

front 6

During what phase of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron?

back 6

repolarization

front 7

What occurs during the absolute refractory period to a neuron?

back 7

The neuron cannot generate an action potential.

front 8

During repolarization of a neuron what happens?

back 8

sodium channels close and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily re-establish the membrane potential

Potassium moves out of the axon

front 9

During this process, influx of ____ cause vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ____________.

back 9

Ca2+, neurotransmitter

front 10

From an evolutionary standpoint, this structure is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain.

back 10

hindbrain

front 11

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are?

back 11

neuroglial cells.

front 12

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meniges called the?

back 12

dura mater, pia mater , and arachnoid

front 13

Saltatory conduction is?

back 13

the process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons

front 14

During a brain surgery, the surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. What part does he pass through next?

back 14

arachnoid

front 15

Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by stimulating?

back 15

stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons

front 16

Region of brain the coordinates antagonistic muscle movements?

back 16

cerebellum.

front 17

The three main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the?

back 17

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

front 18

The reticular formation is associated with?

back 18

so-called reptilian brain that is necessary for survival; has both ascending and descending pathways with multiple nuclei

front 19

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by the

back 19

corpus callosum

front 20

Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the?

back 20

hypothalamus

front 21

Preganglionic motor neurons of the _________ division of the nervous system originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

back 21

sympathetic division

front 22

Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta amyloid are problems associated with what disease?

back 22

Alzheimer's disease.