heel of foot

B - calcaneal

pertaining to the head

C - cephalic

appendicular

antecubital, brachial, crural, femoral, fibular, popliteal, sural

axial

abdominal, cervical, gluteal, lumbar, occipital, oral, pubic, thoracic, umbilical

Describe completely the standard human anatomical position.

The body is erect with feet slightly apart. The palms face forward and the thumbs point away from the body.

Define section

A cut along an imaginary plane through the body wall or organ.

In the anatomical position, the face and palms are on the ____ body surface;

1-anterior

the buttocks and shoulder blades are on the ___ body surface;

2-posterior

and the top of the head is the most ___ part of the body.

3-superior

The ears are ____ and ____ to the shoulders and ____ to the nose.

4-medial
5-superior
6-lateral

The heart is ____ to the vertebral column (spine) and ____ to the lungs.

7-anterior
8-medial

The elbow is ___ to the fingers but ___ to the shoulder.

9-proximal
10-distal

The abdominopelvic cavity is ___ to the thoracic cavity and ___ to the spinal cavity.

11- inferior
12- anterior

In humans, the dorsal surface can also be called the ___ surface; however, in quadruped animals, the dorsal surface is the ___ surface.

13-posterior
14-superior

If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section is a ___ section; but if the heart is cut so that superior and inferior portions result, the section is a ___ section.

15-sagittal
16-transverse

You are told to cut a dissection animal along two planes so that both kidneys are observable in each section. The two sections that will always meet this requirement are the ___ and ___ sections.

17-frontal
18-transverse

A section that demonstrates the continuity between the spinal and cranial cavities is a ___ section.

19-sagittal

Correctly identify each of the body planes by inserting the appropriate term for each on the answer line below the drawing.

(a)medial/sagittal
(b)frontal/ventral
(c)transverse

Correctly identify each of the nine area of the abdominal surfaces by inserting the appropriate term for each of the letters indicated in the drawing.

a - epigstric
b - right hypochondriac region
c - left hypochondriac region
d - umbilical region
e - right lumbar region
f - left lumbar region
g - hypogastric (pubic) region
h - right iliac (inguinal) region
i - left iliac (inguinal) region

surgery to remove a cancerous lung lobe

thoracic
ventral

removal of the uterus

abdominopelvic
ventral

removal of a brain tumor

cranial
dorsal

appendectomy

abdonminopelvic
ventral

stomach ulcer operation

abdominopelvic ?
ventral

delivery of pre-operative "saddle" anesthesia

spinal
dorsal

Name the muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity.

diaphragm

Which organ system would not be represented in any of the body cavities?

integumentary, skeletal, muscular

What are the bony landmarks of the abdominopelvic cavity?

dorsally, the vertebral column; laterally and anteriorly, the pelvis

Which body cavity affords the least protection to its internal structures?

abdominal

What is the function of the serous membranes of the body?

To cover the organs and produce a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as organs slide across one another or against cavity walls during function.

holds the eyes in an anterior-facing position

d-orbital cavity

houses three tiny bones involved in hearing

middle ear cavity

contained within the nose

nasal cavity

contains the tongue

oral cavity

lines a joint cavity

synovial cavity

Question 17 completing the flowchart

3-cranial
4-vertebral/spinal
5-thoracic
6-abdominopelvic
7-abdomen
8-pelvic

contained within the skull and vertebral column

1-dorsal body cavity

houses female reproductive organs

8-pelvic

the most protective body cavity

3-cranial

its name means belly

2-ventral or 7-abdomen

contains the heart

5-thoracic

contains the small intestine

6-abdomenopelvic

bounded by the ribs

5-thoracic

its walls are muscular

6-abdominopelvic