front 1 Makes use of the fact that certain viruses will cause agglutination of red blood cells. | back 1 Hemagglutination inhibition test
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front 2 The absence of complement is indicated by hemolysis. | back 2 Complement-fixation test |
front 3 A precipitation-type test in which wells are cut into the agar on a Petri dish. | back 3 Immunodiffusion test
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front 4 Soluble antigens are detected by binding them to small latex particles, for example, & causing their agglutination. | back 4 Indirect agglutination test
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front 5 The ELISA used to screen for AIDS antibodies in serum. | back 5 Indirect ELISA |
front 6 Often used as a confirmatiory test for HIV infection. | back 6 Western blotting
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front 7 Subunit vaccine using genetically engineered organisms to produce it. | back 7 Recombinant vaccine
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front 8 Unwanted components are removed from a whole-cell vaccine. | back 8 Acellular vaccine |
front 9 An inactivated toxin. | back 9 Toxoid
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front 10 "Naked" DNA or RNA injected into muscle. | back 10 Nucleic-acid vaccine
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front 11 Chemical additive that improves effectiveness of a vaccine. | back 11 Adjuvant
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front 12 The probability that a positive diagnostic test will not be reactive if a specimen is true negative. | back 12 Specificity
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front 13 The probability that a diagnostic test is reactive if the specimen is a true positive. | back 13 Sensitivity
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front 14 A monoclonal antibody combined w/a toxin & programmed to react w/a cancer cell. | back 14 Conjugated Mab |
front 15 A monoclonal antibody in which the variable regions are from mouse cells & the constant regions are from human sources. | back 15 Chimeric Mab
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front 16 An antibody-producing plasma cell fused w/a cancerous cell. | back 16 Hybridoma
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front 17 Before the invention of modern vaccines, material from smallpox scabs was inoculated into the bloodstream to give immunity to the disease; this was called ____________. | back 17 variolation |
front 18 The measure of the concentration of antibody in serum is called ________. | back 18 titer |
front 19 Fluorescein-labeled antihuman gamma globulin would be used in the __________ fluorescent antibody test. | back 19 indirect |
front 20 A vaccine using a living, weakened organism is called _________. | back 20 attinuated |
front 21 For diagnostic purposes, a rise in _______ during the course of a disease is very significant. | back 21 titer |
front 22 A disease can be controlled if most, but not all, of the population is immune; this is called _______ immunity. | back 22 herd |
front 23 Polysaccharide vaccines can be enhanced in effectiveness by adding toxoids such as diptheria; these are so-called ________ vaccines. | back 23 conjugate |
front 24 Hypersensitivity. | back 24 Allergy |
front 25 Hypersensitivity specifically involving the interaction of humoral antibodies of the IgE class w/mast cells. | back 25 Anaphylaxis |
front 26 A skin graft from a brother or sister. | back 26 Allograft |
front 27 The heart of a baboon transplanted to a human. | back 27 Xenotransplantation product |
front 28 A term used for an antigen causing hypersensitivity reactions. | back 28 Allergen |
front 29 A skin graft transferred from the thigh to the nose of the same person. | back 29 Autograft |
front 30 A drug used for transplantation surgery. | back 30 Cyclosporine |
front 31 A drug that suppresses cell-mediated immunity. | back 31 Cyclosporine |
front 32 The reason why transplantation of a cornea is usually successful. | back 32 Privileged site |
front 33 The mediator of a type 1 reaction that affects the blood capillaries & results in swelling & reddening. | back 33 Histamine |
front 34 The development of blocking antibodies by reapeated exposure to small doses of the antigen. | back 34 Desensitization |
front 35 The naturally learned ability of the body not to respond immunologically against its own antigens. | back 35 Immunological tolerance |
front 36 Destruction of a transplant-especially a xenograft-by antibodies & complement, usually within hours. | back 36 Hyperacute rejection |
front 37 Inhibition of the immune response by drugs, radiation & so on. | back 37 Immunosuppression |
front 38 The treatment of cancer of other disease conditions by using monoclonal antibodies with which toxic compounds have been combined. | back 38 Immunotherapy |
front 39 A mediator released from an antigen-triggered mast cell. | back 39 Leukotrienes |
front 40 Sirolimus | back 40 Drug used for immuno-suppression |
front 41 The destruction of Rh+ RBC's by antibodies of maternal orgin in a newborn infant; the antibodies are derived from the mother. | back 41 Erythroblastosis fetalis |
front 42 Individuals in whom ABO antigens are present in body fluids such as saliva & semen. | back 42 Secretors |
front 43 Hematopoietic. | back 43 Blood-forming |
front 44 Tuberculin test. | back 44 Type IV(cell-mediated) reaction |
front 45 Asthma. | back 45 Type I(anaphylaxis reaction |
front 46 Glomerulonephritis. | back 46 Type III (immune complex) reaction |
front 47 Poison ivy dermatitis. | back 47 Type IV (cell-mediated) reaction |
front 48 Graves' disease. | back 48 Type II (cytotoxic) reaction |
front 49 Reaction to an insect sting. | back 49 Type I (anaphylaxis) reaction |
front 50 Persistent lymphadenopathy. | back 50 Phase 1 |
front 51 Full-blown AIDS. | back 51 Phase 3 |
front 52 Autoimmune condition in which antibodies coat the receptor sites at which nerve impulses reach the muscles. | back 52 Myasthenia gravis |
front 53 An immune reaction against the thyroid gland receptor sites that causes excessive production of thyroid hormones. | back 53 Graves' disease |
front 54 Immune response against M protein of streptococci causes damage to kidneys. | back 54 Glomerulonephritis |
front 55 Antibodies formed against the body's own DNA; damage to kidney glomeruli is the most damaging factor in the disease. | back 55 Systemic lupus erythematosus |
front 56 T cells destroy the thyroid gland. | back 56 Hashimoto's thyroiditis |
front 57 T cells attack the myelin sheath of the nervous system. | back 57 Multiple sclerosis |
front 58 Isolated from earliest stage of an embryo. | back 58 Embryonic stem cells |
front 59 Progenitors of blood & lymphatic cells. | back 59 Hematopoietic stem cells |
front 60 Genitically reprogrammed adult stem cells. | back 60 Induced pluripotent stem cells |
front 61 Endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria stimulate macrophages to produce the cancer-inhibiting ________ factor. | back 61 Tumor necrosis |
front 62 The type of anaphylaxis that develops rapidly after an antigen is presented to a sensitized host, & that may result in life-threatening shock, is _______ anaphylaxis. | back 62 systemic |
front 63 In the ABO system, absence of antigens makes a person blood type _____. | back 63 O |
front 64 A graft between identical twins is a(n) ________. | back 64 isograph |
front 65 MHC stands for ________. | back 65 Major histocompatibility complex |
front 66 HLA stans for _________. | back 66 Human leukocyte antigens |
front 67 One result of immunosuppression could be development of graft ______disease. | back 67 Versus host |
front 68 The treatment for systemic anaphylaxis is to administer an injection of ____________ promptly. | back 68 epineferin |
front 69 Destruction of some clones of lymphocytes having the potential to respond to self-antigens during fetal life is call _____________. | back 69 Clonal deletion |
front 70 The cornea does not usually reject transplants; it is an example of a(n)___________ site | back 70 privledged |
front 71 Pig heart valves are not antigenic & are an example of ____________ tissue. | back 71 privledged |
front 72 About 85% of the population is Rh _________. | back 72 positive |
front 73 Immune-caused destruction of WBC's is called | back 73 agranulocytosis |
front 74 Supply the missing word: highly active _____ therapy. | back 74 antiretroviral |