front 1 How would you classify chewing food? | back 1 mechanical breakdown |
front 2 What are the means of mechanically breaking down food? | back 2 churning mastication segmentation |
front 3 When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. | back 3 digestion |
front 4 Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium? | back 4 mucosa |
front 5 Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis? | back 5 muscularis externa |
front 6 Which layer of the alimentary canal contains not only glands and blood vessels but also a nerve plexus that helps regulate digestive activity | back 6 submucosa |
front 7 The __________ circulation drains all of the organs of the digestive system. | back 7 hepatic portal |
front 8 Which are the functions of saliva? | back 8 moistens food and helps compact it into a bolus. dissolves food chemicals so that they can be tasted. cleanses the mouth. |
front 9 Which of the following inhibits salivation? | back 9 being stressed or frightened |
front 10 The deciduous dentition consists of __________ teeth. | back 10 20 |
front 11 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach? | back 11 The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates. |
front 12 Which are the characteristic of the stomach? | back 12 The stomach mucosa is folded into rugae. The stomach has three layers of muscle in the muscularis tunic. The stomach produces a double-layered coat of alkaline mucus. |
front 13 In the __________ phase of gastric secretion, chyme is moved into the duodenum. | back 13 intestinal |
front 14 __________ can result if food passes too slowly through the large intestine. | back 14 constipation |
front 15 In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori , the cells most likely to have been damaged first are the ______. | back 15 mucous cells |
front 16 What role of the stomach is essential to life? | back 16 producing intrinsic factor |
front 17 Chief cells produce | back 17 pepsinogen |
front 18 Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. | back 18 the vagus nerve and enteric plexus |
front 19 Which of the following produce intrinsic factor? | back 19 parietal cells |
front 20 What stomach secretion is needed to produce mature erythrocytes? | back 20 intrinsic factor |
front 21 All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion and mechanical breakdown from the mouth through the small intestine are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels. | back 21 true |
front 22 Which cells in the small intestine's mucosa secrete mucus? | back 22 goblet cells |
front 23 Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? | back 23 hepatic portal vein |
front 24 Which chemical activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin? | back 24 enteropeptidase |
front 25 What triggers the release of secretin from the small intestine? | back 25 the presence of acidic, fatty chyme in the small intestine |
front 26 The __________ is the first segment of the small intestine. | back 26 duodenum |
front 27 Carbohydrates are digested into __________. | back 27 monosaccharides |
front 28 True facts about Bile: Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion. Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs. Bile functions to emulsify fats. | back 28 False: Bile contains enzymes for digestion. |
front 29 The function of the goblet cells is to ________. | back 29 produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion |
front 30 The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine. | back 30 true |
front 31 Peyer's patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine. | back 31 true |
front 32 Which of the following propels food residue over large areas of the colon three to four times a day? | back 32 mass movement |
front 33 Which of the following is the primary physiological function of the large intestine? | back 33 water absorption and feces elimination |
front 34 The pancreas secretes __________. | back 34 procarboxypeptidase |
front 35 The formation of diverticula involves, most significantly, the ______. | back 35 weakening of the colon's submucosa |
front 36 An effective way to medically treat diarrhea would be to use a drug that ______. | back 36 inhibits the activity of the myenteric nerve plexus |
front 37 Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the __________. | back 37 jejunum |
front 38 One of the direct consequences of lactose intolerance is ______. | back 38 increased osmotic pressure of the large intestine contents |
front 39 You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal? | back 39 amylase |
front 40 How are fats absorbed into the lymph? | back 40 in the form of chylomicrons |