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49 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Activity 2: Studying the Histologic Structure of Selected Digestive System Organs

front 1

The Stomach

back 1

The Stomach

front 2

How does the extra oblique layer of smooth muscle found in the stomach correlate with the stomach's churning movements? (Hint: 3 functions and what do they do? )

back 2

1. Churn food

2. Mix food

3. Pummel food

All above helps tot physically reduce the food to smaller fragments.

front 3

The chief cells produce what?

back 3

Produces pepsinogen

front 4

The parietal cells secret what?

back 4

HCl

front 5

Enteroendocrine cells release what?

back 5

Hormones

front 6

Gastroesophageal junction:

1. Describe the epithelium found in the esophagus and the beginning of the stomach (right after the gastroesophageal junction).

2. What is the functional importance of the epithelial differences seen in the esophagus and the stomach?

back 6

1. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the esophagus, and simple columnar epithelium is found in the stomach (right after the gastroesophageal junction).

2. Stratified squamous epithelium=protection, Simple columnar epithelium=absorption

front 7

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: organ)

back 7

1. Look at the picture.

2. Stomach wall

front 8

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: organ)

back 8

1. Look at the picture.

2. Stomach wall

front 9

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: organ)

back 9

1. Look at the picture.

2. Stomach wall

front 10

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: organ)

back 10

1. Look at the picture.

2. Stomach wall

front 11

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: junction)

back 11

1. Look at the picture.

2. Gastroesophageal junction

front 12

The Small Intestine

back 12

The Small Intestine

front 13

The small intestine extends from what sphincter to what valve?

back 13

Extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

front 14

The small intestine is suspended by what double-layered peritoneum and from what abdominal wall?

back 14

Suspended by the mesentery from the posterior abdominal wall

front 15

What are the 3 subdivisions of the small intestine?

back 15

1. Duodenum

2. Jejunum

3. ileum

front 16

The duodenum extends from what sphincter and curves around the head of what organ?

back 16

Extends from the pyloric sphincter and curves around the head of the pancreas

front 17

The jejunum is continuous with what subdivision of the small intestine?

back 17

Duodenum

front 18

Most of the jejunum occupies what region of the abdominal cavity?

back 18

The umbilical region of the abdominal cavity

front 19

The ileum makes up what portion of the small intestine?

back 19

Terminal portion of the small intestine

front 20

The ileum joins the large intestine at what valve?

back 20

Joins the large intestine at the ileocecal valve

front 21

The major portion of the ileum lies in what region of the abdominal cavity?

back 21

Hypogastric region of the abdominal cavity

front 22

What 2 enzymes complete digestion in the small intestine?

back 22

1. Brush border enzymes

2. Pancreatic enzymes

front 23

The brush border enzymes are what type of enzymes?

back 23

Hydrolytic enzymes

front 24

The brush border enzymes are bound to what structures of what epithelium?

back 24

Bound to the microvilli of the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach

front 25

How do pancreatic enzymes enter the stomach, and which specific subdivision of the small intestine do they enter through?

back 25

Enter by the main pancreatic duct and are ducted into the duodenum

front 26

Bile is formed in what organ?

back 26

Liver

front 27

How does bile enter the stomach, and which specific subdivision of the small intestine does it enter through?

back 27

Enter by the bile duct into the duodenum of the small intestine

front 28

At the duodenum, the pancreatic duct and the bile duct join to form what structure?

back 28

The hepato-pancreatic ampulla

front 29

The hepato-pancreatic ampulla empties into what lumen and through what structure?

back 29

Empties into the duodenal lumen through the major duodenal papilla

front 30

The major duodenal papilla is controlled by what valve?

back 30

The hepato-pancreatic sphincter

front 31

The hepato-pancreatic sphincter is what type of valve?

back 31

Muscle valve

front 32

Nearly all of what occurs in the small intestine?

back 32

Nutrient absorption

front 33

What 3 structural modifications increase the absorptive surface of the small intestine mucosa?

back 33

1. Microvilli

2. Villi

3. Circular folds

front 34

Microvilli are microscopic projections of the surface ____ of the ____.

back 34

Microscopic projections of the surface plasma membrane of the columnar epithelial cells of the mucosa.

front 35

Villi are ____ projections of what tunic?

back 35

Finger-like projections of the mucosa tunic

front 36

The circular folds are deep folds of what 2 layers?

back 36

1. Mucosa layer

2. Submucosa layer

front 37

What is the function of the circular folds of the small intestine?

back 37

Force chyme to spiral through the intestine, mixing it and slowing its progress

front 38

The 3 structural modifications that help with absorption (i.e. microvilli, villi, circular folds) of the small intestine decrease in frequency and size towards where?

back 38

Towards the end of the small intestine

front 39

What happens to any residue remaining undigested and unabsorbed food at the end of the small intestine? (Hint: enters what organ and through what valve?)

back 39

It enters the large intestine through the ileocecal valve

front 40

In contrast, while the 3 structural modifications that help with absorption decrease in frequency and size toward the end of the small intestine, what happens to the lymphoid tissue in the submucosa?

back 40

The lymphoid tissue in the submucosa of the small intestine increases along the length of the small intestine

front 41

The lymphoid tissue in the submucosa of the small intestine are also called what? (Hint: state common name as well)

back 41

Aggregated lymphoid nodules or Peyer's patches

front 42

The aggregated lymphoid nodules or Peyer's patches are very apparent in what subdivision of the small intestine?

back 42

The ileum

front 43

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide?

back 43

1. Look at the picture.

2. Small intestine

front 44

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: What specific region of the organ?)

back 44

1. Look at the picture.

2. Dueodenum of small intestine

front 45

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: What specific region of the organ?)

back 45

1. Look at the picture.

2. Duodenum of small intestine

front 46

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: What specific region of the organ?)

back 46

1. Look at the picture.

2. Jejunum of small intestine

front 47

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: What specific region of the organ?)

back 47

1. Look at the picture.

2. Ileum of small intestine

front 48

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide? (Hint: What specific region of the organ?)

back 48

1. Look at the picture.

2. Ileum of the small intestine

front 49

1. Identify the blanks.

2. What feature of the alimentary canal is shown in this histology slide?

back 49

1. Look at the picture.

2. Small intestine cutout