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The Female Reproductive System

front 1 Female reproductive system is a more complex system than __________. Not only must she produce _________, but her body must prepare to nurture a ___________ _______ for approximately _________ months.	back 1 male gametes developing fetus 9 months
front 2 the _________ are the female gonads, as __________ are for male These are a ______ of gametes, ______ -shaped glands containing approximately __________ primordial follicles.	back 2 ovaries testis 400,000 primordial follicles
front 3 Ovaries are __________ and __________ Sex Organs Ovaries are suspended by several ___________ called ____________ ligaments.	back 3 gonads Primary ligaments Broad Ligaments
front 4 The suspensory ligaments and mesovarium are part of the _______ _____________, a _________ fold that "tents" over the uterus and support : 3 organs __________, ____________ and ___________.	back 4 Broad ligaments peritoneal fold the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

front 5 Ovaries produce haploid ________ by ___________ Ova is the female _____________ Ova is the one to be _________ by male gamete _______	back 5 Ova Oogenesis gamete fertilized spermatozoid
front 6 Both ovaries are lined by ___________ _________, which consists of: Simple __________ epithelium that covers the ovary. Bellow we find the _______ __________ which is a capsule of collagenous CT.	back 6 Germinal Epithelium cuboidal tunica albuginea
front 7 ___________ is the outer cortex, and the inner medulla The outer cortex region contain the _____ _____	back 7 Stroma Ovarian follicles
front 8 Grafian follicles, now called _________ __________ is a mature ________ and its surrounding tissue secrete ______________	back 8 Vesicular Follicle Ovum Estrogen

front 9 Corpus __________ produces __________ and estrogen	back 9 Corpus Luteum progesterone
front 10 Ova stages start with : Oocyte = ________, is a Secondary __________ is the last section of maturation of the oocyte.	back 10 Oocyte (egg) is an immature egg encased by one or more layers of very different cells called Follicle cells Oocyte are the product from meiosis of dormant cells. oocyte
front 11 3.- Secondary oocyte extend from the deepest part of the ovarian cortex and bulges from the surface of the ovary, and its oocyte sits proudly on a stalk of granulosa cells at one side of the antrum to be ovulated, This is called ________	back 11 Ovulation
front 12 After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a very different looking glandular structure called __________ ____________ (yellow body), which eventually degenerates. During all this process, it is going to release ____________ _________	back 12 Corpus Luteum progesteron estrogen

front 13 The Uterine Tubes, also called _________ tubes or __________ form the initial part of the female duct system where mature ______ travel to the Uterus.	back 13 Fallopian tubes oviducts ovum
front 14 1- The mature ova once released is caught by a structure called ___________ which is a ______ -shaped structure that sweep over the surface of the ___________ in search of the ovulated mature ______.	back 14 fimbriae finger ovaries ovum
front 15 2-_____________ is the opening into the fallopian tube	back 15 Infundibulum
front 16 The Fallopian Tube is : approx. _____ long. Homologous to the________ ______ of the male. Fallopian tubes conveys the _______, to the __________	back 16 4" Ductus Deferens Ovum Uterus

front 17 Fallopian tube is lined with: _________ cells which beat and carry the ovum toward the uterus. It takes about _____ days.	back 17 Ciliated 3
front 18 Uterus, also called the ________, _____ -shaped, is the site of _________________ and ______________ of a fetus.	back 18 the womb Implantation development
front 19 There are 3 basic layers of the uterus:	back 19 Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium
front 20 1- Perimetrium	back 20 a serous membrane (visceral peritoneum) IT BECOMES the Broad Ligament

front 21 2- Myometrium	back 21 3 layers of smooth muscle 75% of the thickness of the uterus
front 22 3- Endometrium	back 22 The nutritive inner lining which is divided in Stratum Functionalis Stratum Basales
front 23 Stratus Functionalis	back 23 is the one that shed during menstruation
front 24 Stratus Basales	back 24 is permanent and forms the site of menstruation, implantation of a zygote, and development of the fetus during pregnancy.

front 25 _____________ is the top dome shaped portion of the uterus	back 25 Fundus
front 26 ____________ is the major and main portion at the center of the uterus	back 26 The Body
front 27 ______________ is the lower neck portion of the uterus , and projects to the vagina (inferiorly)	back 27 The cervix
front 28 __________ os is between the uterine cavity and the cervical cavity	back 28 Internal Os

front 29 __________ os is where the cervix opens into the vagina	back 29 External Os
front 30 ____________ is the female copulatory organ, which is: shape _________ Tissue _________ serves as a ______________ for menstrual flow, copulation and ???	back 30 Vagina Tubular fibromuscular organ passageway
front 31 Vagina is lined with : ___________ Vagina produces and _________ mucus to kill ________ and to act as a _____________	back 31 Stratified squamous epithelium acidic mucus bacteria lubricant
front 32 Vagina is about _____ long. contain _________ which are a series of transverse folds.	back 32 4" Rugae

front 33 The vagina orifice is __________ opening to the vagina the ______________ is a membrane sheet of tissue which may form a border around the orifice.	back 33 exterior Hymen
front 34 _____________ is the external genetalia of the female; it includes:	back 34 Vullva Labium Majora Labium Minora The clitoris Anus
front 35 ______________ is an elevation of adipose tissue which cushions the pubic _________ during sexual intercourse.	back 35 Mons Pubis pubic symphysis
front 36 _________ _________ are two large longitudinal folds of skin; they are homologous to the ____________ in the male. Labium _________ contain _________, ______ and ___	back 36 The Labium Majora scrotum Majora adipose sweat glands oil glands

front 37 ________ _________ are two smaller folds of skin medial to the labia __________. They contain many _____ glands for ___________ during sexual intercourse.	back 37 Labia minora majora oil lubrication
front 38 ______________ is a small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue. It is covered by a prepuce and is homologous to the _____________ of the male.	back 38 The clitoris penis
front 39 _____________ _____ are modified sweat glands that produce milk.	back 39 Mammary Glands
front 40 Mammary Glands contain about ___ to ___ lobes or compartments, each of which is divided into several smaller compartments called __________.	back 40 15 to 20 Lobules

front 41 The lobules contain milk-secretion glands called ______	back 41 alvioli
front 42 The alveoli drain milk into a series of ducts which open onto the surface of the ________ which is the pigmented projection located in the middle of a circular pigmented area called the _____________.	back 42 niple areola
front 43 Ovarian Cycle is the ___________ events associated with the maturation of an _________.	back 43 monthly ovum
front 44 GnRF means	back 44 Gonadotropin Releasing Factor

front 45 Gonadotropin Releasing Factor (GnRF) originates from __ Gonadotropin RF regulates ________________ Gonadotropin RF stimulates _________________	back 45 Hypothalamus both cycles (menstrual and ovarian) the release of FSH and LH from the adenohypophysis
front 46 FSH stands for	back 46 Follicule Stimulated Hormone
front 47 LH stands for	back 47 Leutenizing Hormone
front 48 FSH is a hormone that __________ the development of ovarian follicular cells and stimulating them the ________ of estrogen	back 48 Stimulates Secretion

front 49 LH is a hormone that stimulates maturation of the __________, brings about __________, stimulates production of ________ and _________ stimulate production of _____ (pubis symphysis cartilage)	back 49 follicles ovulation estrogen and progesteron relaxin
front 50 Estrogen is responsible for the development and maintenance of : ___________________________________	back 50 Female reproductive structures secondary sex characteristics the breast endometrial lining of the uterus (stimulates Endometrial built up). control fluid and electrolyte balance increases protein anabolism (building)
front 51 Estrogen is ___________ to testosterone	back 51 analogous
front 52 The major source of Estrogen are:	back 52 ovaries developing follicle corpus luteum

front 53 The stimulus for release of estrogen comes from	back 53 FSH (and LH)
front 54 ___________- is a placental hormon that relaxes pubis symphysis and aids in the dilatation of the cervix	back 54 Relaxin
front 55 The menstrual cycle start between the day____________ with an average of ____ days in its process. Menstruation discharges monthly about ____ to ___ ml of ________, _______, ______ and ________	back 55 24 to 35 28 Fluid tissue blood mucus Epithelial cells from endothelium
front 56 Menstruation is cause by a sudden drop in __________ and __________ levels. Last for about _____ days	back 56 Estrogen progesteron 5

front 57 Stratus ________ degenerates, the uterine gland discharge their contests and ___________.	back 57 Functionalis collapse
front 58 The flow of menstruation is from the _______, ______, ______ and __________ found in the stratum _________.	back 58 Uterine cavity cervix to the vagina and exterior functionalis
front 59 Menstruation last about ____ days until ONLY the stratum __________ is left.	back 59 5 basale
front 60 Ovulation cycle start on day ____ of ____, when __________ cycle is Starting. This process stimulates the Hypothalamus to produce _________________________, which stimulates ___________ pituitary to release hormones ________ and _________.	back 60 1 of 28 approx. menstruation GnRF (gonadotropin Releasing factor) Anterior FSH and LH

front 61 Before day 1, primordial follicles became __________ follicles which were chosen from a set to start developing _____ hormone is released by anterior pituitary to stimulate the growth of the follicle to be ovulated.	back 61 Primary Follicle FSH
front 62 After day __-___ (during the menstrual cycle) the follicles have developed into __________ follicle, which contain ___________ cells and fluid called ______________ fluid.	back 62 4-5 Secondary follicle Follicular Cells Follicular Fluid
front 63 Follicular fluid forces the ovum to move to ____________ of the ____________	back 63 the side follicle
front 64 Levels of ___________ and ___________ are raised during secondary follicular phase. Only _____ follicle will mature, the rest will degenerate and undergo _________________.	back 64 estrogen and FSH one apoptosis

front 65 Pre- ovulatory phase happen between the end of menstruation and __________; and last from day ____ to day ____	back 65 ovulation 6 13
front 66 ____ and ____ hormones from the pituitary work together to stimulate the follicles cells to produce __________. This causes the ___________ lining from Uterus to built up, where glands develop and blood supply increases This phase is also called _____________ in the uterus, due to the growth of the stratum ______________	back 66 FSH and LH estrogen Endometrial Proliferative Functionalis
front 67 Also between days 6 to 13 (pre-ovulatory) is called _____________ phase, due to follicles cells producing more ___________, which becomes the ________ hormone.	back 67 Follicular phase estrogen dominant hormone
front 68 Only ____ follicle will develop from about 20 follicles. It is going to be called _________ or _________ follicle. During follicle developing levels of estrogen ___________.	back 68 1 Grafian, or Vesicular follicle increases

front 69 FSH was the domain hormone during early pre-ovulatory phase, but now ____ is the dominant hormone close the time of _________ and is secreted in _________ concentrations	back 69 LH ovulation High
front 70 Ovulation occurs with the rupture of the _______ follicle, and the __________ of the ovum on day ________.	back 70 Grafian release 14
front 71 More increase of estrogen inhibits _________, therefore _________ is inhibited also.	back 71 GnRF FSH
front 72 After ovulation, the Grafian follicle ___________, and becomes the Corpus ______________. where its cells enlarge and form the Corpus _____________.	back 72 collapses hemorrhagicum Luteal

front 73 Post-ovulatory phase is the time between _________ and ___________, and last from day ___ to _____ (in a ___ day cycle)	back 73 Ovulation Mensus 15 28 28
front 74 LH stimulates the development of Corpus _________, which secretes _____________ and ______________.	back 74 Luteal estrogen progesteron
front 75 Progesteron prepares the endometrium for _____________ of a __________ ovum. It takes about ___ week for endometrium to be ready.	back 75 implantation fertilized 1
front 76 FSH secretion and LH secretion ________, and now it is time for the _______ _______ to produce estrogen and ____________	back 76 decrease Corpus Luteal Progesteron

front 77 If fertilization and implantation DO NOT occur, then the rising levels of estrogen and progesteron from the corpus luteum ________ GnRF and LH. Corpus Luteum degenerates to become the corpus ________ and estrogen and progesteron levels ________	back 77 Inhibit albicans decrease
front 78 What HCG stands for. HCG is a hormone developed by the __________	back 78 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Placenta
front 79 If fertilization and implantation DO NOT occur, then the Corpus Luteal is __________ for ___-____ weeks (for ______ and ________ hormones production). HCG will be the one producing _________ and ________ hormones in greater amounts than Corpus Luteal.	back 79 maintain 8 to 10 weeks estrogen progesterone estrogen progesterone
front 80 Pregnancy is supported by __________ hormone. Progesterone also supports __________ and _______ development after pregnancy.	back 80 estrogen pregnancy breast

front 81 The first menstruation is called _________	back 81 Menarch
front 82 The last menstruation is called _________	back 82 Menopause
front 83 When menstrual cycles become less frequent is called	back 83 Climacteric
front 84 Climacteric occurs when women are around ____ to ____ years old. It happens because ______ fail to respond to GnRF hormones, causing secondary effects physiological like : ______, _____, _________ _______, etc.	back 84 40 to 50 ovaries Hotflashes sweating emotional instability

front 85

________ __________ is a method used to prevent the union of a sperm with a mature ovum

back 85

Birth Control