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85 notecards = 22 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

The Female Reproductive System

front 1

Female reproductive system is a more complex system than __________. Not only must she produce _________, but her body must prepare to nurture a ___________ _______ for approximately _________ months.

back 1

  • male
  • gametes
  • developing fetus
  • 9 months

front 2

  • the _________ are the female gonads, as __________ are for male
  • These are a ______ of gametes, ______ -shaped glands containing approximately __________ primordial follicles.

back 2

  • ovaries
  • testis
  • 400,000 primordial follicles

front 3

  • Ovaries are __________
  • and __________ Sex Organs
  • Ovaries are suspended by several ___________ called ____________ ligaments.

back 3

  • gonads
  • Primary
  • ligaments
  • Broad Ligaments

front 4

The suspensory ligaments and mesovarium are part of the _______ _____________, a _________ fold that "tents" over the uterus and support :

3 organs __________, ____________ and ___________.

back 4

  • Broad ligaments
  • peritoneal fold
  • the uterine tubes,
  • uterus and
  • vagina

front 5

  • Ovaries produce haploid ________ by ___________
  • Ova is the female _____________
  • Ova is the one to be _________ by male gamete _______

back 5

  • Ova
  • Oogenesis
  • gamete
  • fertilized
  • spermatozoid

front 6

  • Both ovaries are lined by ___________ _________, which consists of:
    • Simple __________ epithelium that covers the ovary.
    • Bellow we find the _______ __________ which is a capsule of collagenous CT.

back 6

  • Germinal Epithelium
  • cuboidal
  • tunica albuginea

front 7

  • ___________ is the outer cortex, and the inner medulla
  • The outer cortex region contain the _____ _____

back 7

  • Stroma
  • Ovarian follicles

front 8

Grafian follicles, now called _________ __________ is a mature ________ and its surrounding tissue secrete ______________

back 8

  • Vesicular Follicle
  • Ovum
  • Estrogen

front 9

Corpus __________ produces __________ and estrogen

back 9

  • Corpus Luteum
  • progesterone

front 10

Ova stages start with :

  1. Oocyte = ________, is a
  2. Secondary __________ is the last section of maturation of the oocyte.

back 10

  1. Oocyte (egg) is an immature egg encased by one or more layers of very different cells called Follicle cells
    • Oocyte are the product from meiosis of dormant cells.
  2. oocyte

front 11

3.- Secondary oocyte extend from the deepest part of the ovarian cortex and bulges from the surface of the ovary, and its oocyte sits proudly on a stalk of granulosa cells at one side of the antrum to be ovulated, This is called ________

back 11

  • Ovulation

front 12

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a very different looking glandular structure called __________ ____________ (yellow body), which eventually degenerates. During all this process, it is going to release ____________ _________

back 12

  • Corpus Luteum
  • progesteron
  • estrogen

front 13

The Uterine Tubes, also called _________ tubes or __________ form the initial part of the female duct system where mature ______ travel to the Uterus.

back 13

  • Fallopian tubes
  • oviducts
  • ovum

front 14

1- The mature ova once released is caught by a structure called ___________ which is a ______ -shaped structure that sweep over the surface of the ___________ in search of the ovulated mature ______.

back 14

  • fimbriae
  • finger
  • ovaries
  • ovum

front 15

2-_____________ is the opening into the fallopian tube

back 15

Infundibulum

front 16

The Fallopian Tube is :

  • approx. _____ long.
  • Homologous to the________ ______ of the male.
  • Fallopian tubes conveys the _______, to the __________

back 16

  • 4"
  • Ductus Deferens
  • Ovum
  • Uterus

front 17

  • Fallopian tube is lined with:
    • _________ cells which beat and carry the ovum toward the uterus.
    • It takes about _____ days.

back 17

  • Ciliated
  • 3

front 18

Uterus, also called the ________, _____ -shaped, is the site of _________________ and ______________ of a fetus.

back 18

  • the womb
  • Implantation
  • development

front 19

There are 3 basic layers of the uterus:

back 19

  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium

front 20

1- Perimetrium

back 20

  • a serous membrane (visceral peritoneum)
  • IT BECOMES the Broad Ligament

front 21

2- Myometrium

back 21

  • 3 layers of smooth muscle
  • 75% of the thickness of the uterus

front 22

3- Endometrium

back 22

  • The nutritive inner lining which is divided in
    • Stratum Functionalis
    • Stratum Basales

front 23

Stratus Functionalis

back 23

is the one that shed during menstruation

front 24

Stratus Basales

back 24

is permanent and forms the site of menstruation, implantation of a zygote, and development of the fetus during pregnancy.

front 25

_____________ is the top dome shaped portion of the uterus

back 25

Fundus

front 26

____________ is the major and main portion at the center of the uterus

back 26

The Body

front 27

______________ is the lower neck portion of the uterus , and projects to the vagina (inferiorly)

back 27

The cervix

front 28

__________ os is between the uterine cavity and the cervical cavity

back 28

Internal Os

front 29

__________ os is where the cervix opens into the vagina

back 29

External Os

front 30

____________ is the female copulatory organ, which is:

  • shape _________
  • Tissue _________
  • serves as a ______________ for menstrual flow, copulation and ???

back 30

Vagina

  • Tubular
  • fibromuscular organ
  • passageway

front 31

Vagina is lined with :

  • ___________

Vagina produces and _________ mucus to

  • kill ________ and to act as a _____________

back 31

  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • acidic mucus
  • bacteria
  • lubricant

front 32

Vagina is

  • about _____ long.
  • contain _________ which are a series of transverse folds.

back 32

  • 4"
  • Rugae

front 33

  • The vagina orifice is __________ opening to the vagina
  • the ______________ is a membrane sheet of tissue which may form a border around the orifice.

back 33

  • exterior
  • Hymen

front 34

_____________ is the external genetalia of the female; it includes:

back 34

Vullva

  • Labium Majora
  • Labium Minora
  • The clitoris
  • Anus

front 35

______________ is an elevation of adipose tissue which cushions the pubic _________ during sexual intercourse.

back 35

  • Mons Pubis
  • pubic symphysis

front 36

_________ _________ are two large longitudinal folds of skin; they are homologous to the ____________ in the male.

Labium _________ contain _________, ______ and ___

back 36

  • The Labium Majora
  • scrotum
  • Majora
  • adipose
  • sweat glands
  • oil glands

front 37

________ _________ are two smaller folds of skin medial to the labia __________.

They contain many _____ glands for ___________ during sexual intercourse.

back 37

  • Labia minora
  • majora
  • oil
  • lubrication

front 38

______________ is a small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue. It is covered by a prepuce and is homologous to the _____________ of the male.

back 38

  • The clitoris
  • penis

front 39

_____________ _____ are modified sweat glands that produce milk.

back 39

  • Mammary Glands

front 40

Mammary Glands contain about ___ to ___ lobes or compartments, each of which is divided into several smaller compartments called __________.

back 40

  • 15 to 20
  • Lobules

front 41

The lobules contain milk-secretion glands called ______

back 41

alvioli

front 42

The alveoli drain milk into a series of ducts which open onto the surface of the ________ which is the pigmented projection located in the middle of a circular pigmented area called the _____________.

back 42

  • niple
  • areola

front 43

Ovarian Cycle is the ___________ events associated with the maturation of an _________.

back 43

  • monthly
  • ovum

front 44

GnRF means

back 44

Gonadotropin Releasing Factor

front 45

Gonadotropin Releasing Factor (GnRF) originates from __

Gonadotropin RF regulates ________________

Gonadotropin RF stimulates _________________

back 45

  • Hypothalamus
  • both cycles (menstrual and ovarian)
  • the release of FSH and LH from the adenohypophysis

front 46

FSH stands for

back 46

Follicule Stimulated Hormone

front 47

LH stands for

back 47

Leutenizing Hormone

front 48

FSH is a hormone that __________ the development of ovarian follicular cells and stimulating them the ________ of estrogen

back 48

  • Stimulates
  • Secretion

front 49

LH is a hormone that

  • stimulates maturation of the __________,
  • brings about __________,
  • stimulates production of ________ and _________
  • stimulate production of _____ (pubis symphysis cartilage)

back 49

  • follicles
  • ovulation
  • estrogen and progesteron
  • relaxin

front 50

Estrogen is responsible for the development and maintenance of :

___________________________________

back 50

  1. Female reproductive structures
  2. secondary sex characteristics
  3. the breast
  4. endometrial lining of the uterus (stimulates Endometrial built up).
  5. control fluid and electrolyte balance
  6. increases protein anabolism (building)

front 51

Estrogen is ___________ to testosterone

back 51

analogous

front 52

The major source of Estrogen are:

back 52

  • ovaries
  • developing follicle
  • corpus luteum

front 53

The stimulus for release of estrogen comes from

back 53

FSH (and LH)

front 54

___________- is a placental hormon that relaxes pubis symphysis and aids in the dilatation of the cervix

back 54

Relaxin

front 55

  • The menstrual cycle start between the day____________ with an average of ____ days in its process.
  • Menstruation discharges monthly about ____ to ___ ml of ________, _______, ______ and ________

back 55

  • 24 to 35
  • 28
  • Fluid tissue
  • blood
  • mucus
  • Epithelial cells from endothelium

front 56

  • Menstruation is cause by a sudden drop in __________ and __________ levels.
  • Last for about _____ days

back 56

  • Estrogen
  • progesteron
  • 5

front 57

Stratus ________ degenerates, the uterine gland discharge their contests and ___________.

back 57

  • Functionalis
  • collapse

front 58

The flow of menstruation is from the _______, ______, ______ and __________ found in the stratum _________.

back 58

  • Uterine cavity
  • cervix to the
  • vagina and
  • exterior
  • functionalis

front 59

Menstruation last about ____ days until ONLY the stratum __________ is left.

back 59

  • 5
  • basale

front 60

Ovulation cycle start on day ____ of ____, when __________ cycle is Starting. This process stimulates the Hypothalamus to produce _________________________, which stimulates ___________ pituitary to release hormones ________ and _________.

back 60

  • 1 of 28 approx.
  • menstruation
  • GnRF (gonadotropin Releasing factor)
  • Anterior
  • FSH and LH

front 61

  • Before day 1, primordial follicles became __________ follicles which were chosen from a set to start developing
  • _____ hormone is released by anterior pituitary to stimulate the growth of the follicle to be ovulated.

back 61

  • Primary Follicle
  • FSH

front 62

After day __-___ (during the menstrual cycle) the follicles have developed into __________ follicle, which contain ___________ cells and fluid called ______________ fluid.

back 62

  • 4-5
  • Secondary follicle
  • Follicular Cells
  • Follicular Fluid

front 63

Follicular fluid forces the ovum to move to ____________ of the ____________

back 63

  • the side
  • follicle

front 64

Levels of ___________ and ___________ are raised during secondary follicular phase.

Only _____ follicle will mature, the rest will degenerate and undergo _________________.

back 64

  • estrogen and FSH
  • one
  • apoptosis

front 65

Pre- ovulatory phase happen between the end of menstruation and __________; and last from day ____ to day ____

back 65

  • ovulation
  • 6
  • 13

front 66

____ and ____ hormones from the pituitary work together to stimulate the follicles cells to produce __________.

This causes the ___________ lining from Uterus to built up, where glands develop and blood supply increases

This phase is also called _____________ in the uterus, due to the growth of the stratum ______________

back 66

  • FSH and LH
  • estrogen
  • Endometrial
  • Proliferative
  • Functionalis

front 67

Also between days 6 to 13 (pre-ovulatory) is called _____________ phase, due to follicles cells producing more ___________, which becomes the ________ hormone.

back 67

  • Follicular phase
  • estrogen
  • dominant hormone

front 68

Only ____ follicle will develop from about 20 follicles. It is going to be called _________ or _________ follicle.

During follicle developing levels of estrogen ___________.

back 68

  • 1
  • Grafian, or
  • Vesicular follicle
  • increases

front 69

FSH was the domain hormone during early pre-ovulatory phase, but now ____ is the dominant hormone close the time of _________ and is secreted in _________ concentrations

back 69

  • LH
  • ovulation
  • High

front 70

Ovulation occurs with the rupture of the _______ follicle, and the __________ of the ovum on day ________.

back 70

  • Grafian
  • release
  • 14

front 71

More increase of estrogen inhibits _________, therefore _________ is inhibited also.

back 71

  • GnRF
  • FSH

front 72

After ovulation, the Grafian follicle ___________, and becomes the Corpus ______________. where its cells enlarge and form the Corpus _____________.

back 72

  • collapses
  • hemorrhagicum
  • Luteal

front 73

  • Post-ovulatory phase is the time between _________ and ___________, and last from day ___ to _____ (in a ___ day cycle)

back 73

  • Ovulation
  • Mensus
  • 15
  • 28
  • 28

front 74

LH stimulates the development of Corpus _________, which secretes _____________ and ______________.

back 74

  • Luteal
  • estrogen
  • progesteron

front 75

  • Progesteron prepares the endometrium for _____________ of a __________ ovum.
  • It takes about ___ week for endometrium to be ready.

back 75

  • implantation
  • fertilized
  • 1

front 76

FSH secretion and LH secretion ________, and now it is time for the _______ _______ to produce estrogen and ____________

back 76

  • decrease
  • Corpus Luteal
  • Progesteron

front 77

If fertilization and implantation DO NOT occur, then the rising levels of estrogen and progesteron from the corpus luteum ________ GnRF and LH.

Corpus Luteum degenerates to become the corpus ________ and estrogen and progesteron levels ________

back 77

  • Inhibit
  • albicans
  • decrease

front 78

What HCG stands for.

HCG is a hormone developed by the __________

back 78

  • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
  • Placenta

front 79

If fertilization and implantation DO NOT occur, then the Corpus Luteal is __________ for ___-____ weeks (for ______ and ________ hormones production).

HCG will be the one producing _________ and ________ hormones in greater amounts than Corpus Luteal.

back 79

  • maintain
  • 8 to 10 weeks
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
  • estrogen
  • progesterone

front 80

Pregnancy is supported by __________ hormone.

Progesterone also supports __________ and _______ development after pregnancy.

back 80

  • estrogen
  • pregnancy
  • breast

front 81

The first menstruation is called _________

back 81

Menarch

front 82

The last menstruation is called _________

back 82

Menopause

front 83

When menstrual cycles become less frequent is called

back 83

Climacteric

front 84

  • Climacteric occurs when women are around ____ to ____ years old.
  • It happens because ______ fail to respond to GnRF hormones, causing secondary effects physiological like : ______, _____, _________ _______, etc.

back 84

  • 40 to 50
  • ovaries
  • Hotflashes
  • sweating
  • emotional instability

front 85

________ __________ is a method used to prevent the union of a sperm with a mature ovum

back 85

Birth Control