front 1 Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic feature of the Chordata? | back 1 vertebrae |
front 2 Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as | back 2 suspension-feeding devices |
front 3 Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance? | back 3 lancelets |
front 4 At least one of these has been found in all species of eumetazoan animals studied thus far. | back 4 Hox |
front 5 A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics? | back 5 no jaws |
front 6 What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have? | back 6 partial or complete skull |
front 7 Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that
attached to its flank is an equally long, snakelike organism. The
attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round
mouth surrounded by a sucker, and two small eyes. Terry thinks it
might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey. | back 7 lack of external segmentation |
front 8 The diagnostic feature of Chondrichthyes is _____. | back 8 an endoskeleton of calcified cartilage |
front 9 Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive (most general) to
least inclusive (most specific). | back 9 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 |
front 10 For the following item, match the extant vertebrate groups with the descriptions. | back 10 nonbird reptiles |
front 11 The presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still | back 11 not sink |
front 12 Most members of which of the following groups are most closely associated with a wet or moist environment? | back 12 amphibians |
front 13 What should be true of fossils of the earliest tetrapods? | back 13 They should indicate limited adaptation to life on land. |
front 14 In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal? | back 14 reptiles and mammals |
front 15 Which of these are amniotes? | back 15 amphibians placental mammals egg-laying mammalsfishes *More than one of these is correct. |
front 16 Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs? | back 16 birds |
front 17 What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates? | back 17 feathers |
front 18 Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is false? | back 18 All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies. (in the deuterostome lineage, only adult echinoderms exhibit radial symmetry.) |
front 19 Which structure is not an innovation that occurred during vertebrate diversification? | back 19 exoskeleton |
front 20 True or false? An organism that is radially symmetric has many well-developed head regions. | back 20 false |
front 21 Which characteristic distinguishes echinoderms from the other two deuterostome lineages? | back 21 their body plan |
front 22 Which of the following statements about vertebrates is true? | back 22 The development of an amniotic egg and internal fertilization allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water. |
front 23 Which characteristics define a chordate? | back 23 The presence of four specific morphological traits. |
front 24 Which structure can be used for feeding and gas exchange? | back 24 Pharyngeal gill slit |
front 25 There are three major groups of mammals, categorized on the basis of their _____. | back 25 method of reproduction |
front 26 Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle? | back 26 post-anal tail |
front 27 How did the evolution of the jaw contribute to diversification of early vertebrate lineages? | back 27 It made additional food sources available. |
front 28 A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was _____. | back 28 feet with digits |
front 29 What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg? | back 29 Tetrapods were no longer tied to the water for reproduction |
front 30 Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit? | back 30 endothermy |
front 31 Which of these are amniotes? | back 31 turtles |
front 32 Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials _____. | back 32 have some embryonic development outside the uterus |
front 33 If a tunicate's pharyngeal gill slits were suddenly blocked, the animal would have trouble _____. | back 33 respiring and feeding |
front 34 Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance? | back 34 lancelets |
front 35 A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics? | back 35 no jaws |
front 36 Jaws evolved _____. | back 36 by modification of the skeletal rods that previously supported the anterior pharyngeal gill slits |
front 37 Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes? | back 37 chondrichthyans |
front 38 Listed below are four adaptations of terrestrial vertebrates. Which is a characteristic only of truly terrestrial animals with no need to return to water at any stage of the life cycle? | back 38 amniotic eggs |
front 39 Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo? | back 39 the amnion |
front 40 Suppose you traveled back in time and located the first animals to have evolved feathers. You found that these animals were tree-dwelling ectotherms, able to run quickly but unable to fly. You also noticed that only males had feathers. Which hypothesis of feather evolution would these data most support? Feathers initially evolved in a role associated with _____. | back 40 sexual selection |
front 41 Humans are _______. | back 41 Homo sapiens |
front 42 Brown et al. and Morwood et al. reported in 2004 that they had found
skeletal remains of a previously unknown type of hominin, now dubbed
Homo floresiensis, on the Indonesian island of Flores.
These hominins were small (approximately 1 meter tall) with small
braincases (approximately 380 cubic centimeters) as compared with
other hominins. The remains of H. floresiensis were found
alongside handmade stone tools and the remains of dwarf elephants that
also inhabited the island, suggesting that H. floresiensis
was able both to make tools and to coordinate the hunting of animals
much larger than itself. H. floresiensis is estimated to have
lived at the site where the remains were found from at least 38,000
years ago to 18,000 years ago. | back 42 Compare the skeletal morphology of H. floresiensis to that of each of the other hominin species. |
front 43 Which of the following statements about human evolution is correct? | back 43 The upright posture and enlarged brain of humans evolved separately |