Print Study Area Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance flashcards - Easy Notecards

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Study Area Chapter 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

front 1 A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is __________. stimulation of the baroreceptors a rise in plasma osmolality an increase in ECF water concentration inhibition of the osmoreceptors an increase in potassium levels in the ICF	back 1 a rise in plasma osmolality
front 2 Acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion? phosphorus calcium hydrogen sodium chloride	back 2 hydrogen
front 3 What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid? magnesium bicarbonate calcium potassium sodium	back 3 potassium
front 4 Normal arterial blood pH is __________. slightly acidic highly acidic slightly alkaline strongly alkaline neutral	back 4 slightly alkaline

front 5 Parathyroid hormone __________. results in a lower blood calcium level is released when aldosterone levels climb activates osteoblasts targets the thyroid gland enhances release of calcium from bone	back 5 enhances release of calcium from bone
front 6 The condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as __________. hypokalemia hyponatremia Cushing’s syndrome aldosteronism hypernatremia	back 6 hyponatremia
front 7 The largest percentage of body water is located in what compartment? interstitial fluid intracellular fluid blood plasma extracellular fluid	back 7 intracellular fluid
front 8 The major source of water loss from the body is __________. urine insensible respiratory loss feces insensible skin loss sweat	back 8 urine

front 9 The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is __________. sodium magnesium chloride phosphate calcium potassium	back 9 sodium
front 10 The only organ(s) of the body that can remove excess nonvolatile fixed acids is/are the __________. lungs sweat glands liver kidney spleen	back 10 kidney
front 11 When the concentration of Na+ in the ECF decreases, __________. aldosterone levels increase a person experiences increased thirst osmoreceptors are stimulated ANP levels increase more ADH is released	back 11 aldosterone levels increase
front 12 Which condition would cause a drop in pH? hyperventilation hypoventilation hypokalemia hypernatremia	back 12 hypoventilation

front 13 Which statement about acids is true? Weak acids only dissociate partially in solution. When high in the body, they cause alkalosis. They have little physiological effect on chemical reactions in cells. Our bodies have few ways to deal with excess amounts of acids. Most acid is a result of ingestion with food.	back 13 Weak acids only dissociate partially in solution.
front 14 The only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is __________. Fe2+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+	back 14 Na⁺
front 15 The most important buffer system in the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF) is the __________ buffer system. bicarbonate chloride phosphate protein sulfate	back 15 protein
front 16 Infants are more likely to experience problems regulating acid-base balance because of several factors, including __________. decreased surface area relative to body volume the inefficiency of infant kidneys low rate of insensible water loss from skin high residual volume of infant lungs lower amount of fluid intake and output in infants	back 16 the inefficiency of infant kidneys

front 17 Which of the following tissues is the least hydrated? muscle tissue nervous tissue adipose tissue bone	back 17 adipose tissue
front 18 Which of the following individuals would have the most body water? an infant a healthy young female an older obese person a healthy young male	back 18 an infant
front 19 When atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure, it causes __________. decreased sodium and water reabsorption increased antidiuretic-hormone secretion increased renin secretion vasoconstriction	back 19 decreased sodium and water reabsorption
front 20 Water lost through expired air is referred to as __________. water of oxidation metabolic water water intake insensible water loss	back 20 insensible water loss

front 21 All of the following would occur if there were an increase in plasma osmolality EXCEPT __________. concentrated urine release of ADH thirst production of large amounts of urine	back 21 production of large amounts of urine
front 22 All of the following factors would stimulate the hypothalamic thirst center EXCEPT __________. decreased saliva production hypotonic extracellular fluid a decline in blood volume increased angiotensin II secretion	back 22 hypotonic extracellular fluid
front 23 Diuresis peaks __________ after drinking water. ten minutes half an hour one hour three hours	back 23 one hour
front 24 Edema is the accumulation of fluid in the __________. interstitial space intracellular space plasma organelles	back 24 interstitial space

front 25 Pica, the desire to consume substances that are not normally considered food, such as chalk or clay, may be triggered by a deficiency of __________. iron calcium water sodium	back 25 iron
front 26 Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________. lipids proteins carbohydrates salts	back 26 salts
front 27 The most important buffer system of extracellular fluid, such as plasma, is the __________ buffer system. hemoglobin bicarbonate phosphate protein	back 27 bicarbonate
front 28 Renal acid-base control mechanisms are coupled to __________. ADH secretion plasma protein levels Na+ transport water intake	back 28 Na⁺ transport

front 29 Estrogens are chemically similar to __________ and are therefore associated with water retention. ANP aldosterone rennin ADH	back 29 aldosterone
front 30 Any arterial pH between __________ is considered physiological acidosis. 6.5 and 7.0 6.5 and 7.35 7.0 and 7.35 7.35 and 7.45	back 30 7.0 and 7.35
front 31 Most fluid in the body is in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment. True False	back 31 False
front 32 Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte? chloride sodium potassium glucose	back 32 glucose

front 33 The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid is potassium. True False	back 33 False
front 34 Most water is excreted via the __________. intestines lungs skin kidneys	back 34 kidneys
front 35 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the __________ to __________ water excretion. kidneys; decrease kidneys; increase intestines; decrease intestines; increase	back 35 kidneys; decrease
front 36 Which of the following is associated with a swelling of cells? dehydration hypoproteinemia hypotonic hydration edema	back 36 hypotonic hydration

front 37 Which of the following would increase sodium excretion? progesterone aldosterone estrogens glucocorticoids	back 37 progesterone
front 38 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases Ca2+ deposition in the bones. True False	back 38 False
front 39 Most of the hydrogen ions in the body come from acidic substances in the foods we ingest. True False	back 39 False
front 40 The most important factor that influences K+ secretion is __________. the concentration of Na+ in blood plasma water balance in the body the level of aldosterone in the plasma the concentration of K+ in the ECF	back 40 the concentration of K⁺ in the ECF

front 41 Which of the following has the LEAST influence over the pH of blood plasma? the bicarbonate buffer system respiratory rate the phosphate buffer system the protein buffer system	back 41 the phosphate buffer system
front 42 Hyperventilation can lead to __________. metabolic acidosis respiratory acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory alkalosis	back 42 respiratory alkalosis
front 43 One way the kidneys maintain HCO3– balance is by __________. reabsorbing H+ generating Na+ ions generating new HCO3– reabsorbing CO2	back 43 generating new HCO₃ ^–
front 44 Someone who is suffocating would develop __________. respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis	back 44 respiratory acidosis

front 45

Which of the following puts infants at increased risk for dehydration?

their inefficient kidneys
their high residual lung volume
their low surface area to volume ratio
their low metabolic rate

back 45

their inefficient kidneys