front 1 What is lymph? | back 1 Fluid inside lymphatic vessels. |
front 2 Where does lymph come from? | back 2 It enters lymphatic vessels from interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid is a filtrate of blood plasma. |
front 3 Two lymphatic ducts | back 3 Right Lymphatic Duct Thoracic Duct |
front 4 Five types of Trunks | back 4 Lumbar Trunks Intestinal Trunk Bronchomediastinal Trunk Subclavian Trunk Jugular Trunk |
front 5 Where does the lumbar trunk gather lymphatic fluid from? | back 5 Pelvis and Legs |
front 6 Where does the intestinal trunk gather lymphatic fluid from? | back 6 Abdomen |
front 7 Where does the Bronchomediastinal trunk gather lymphatic fluid from? | back 7 Right and Left Thorax |
front 8 Where does the subclavian trunk gather lymphatic fluid from? | back 8 Right and Left shoulder and arm |
front 9 Where does the jugular trunk gather lymphatic fluid from? | back 9 Right and Left head and neck |
front 10 What's trunks deliver to the right lymphatic duct? | back 10 Right Jugular Trunk Right Subclavian Trunk Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk |
front 11 What's trunks deliver to the Thoracic Duct? | back 11 Left Jugular Trunk Left Subclavian Trunk Left Bronchomediastinal Trunk Right and Left Lumbar Trunk Intestinal Trunk |
front 12 Macrophages | back 12 Engulf and destroy |
front 13 Pathogens | back 13 Disease causing micro organisms |
front 14 Where is the spleen located? | back 14 Upper left abdominal cavity |
front 15 What do lymphatic trunks do? | back 15 Drain lymph from the body |
front 16 What do T cells and B cells protect against? | back 16 Antigens of foreign pathogens. Bacteria and their toxins; viruses mismatched RBCs or cancer cells |
front 17 T Cells | back 17 Manage the immune response. Attack and destroy foreign cells |
front 18 B Cells | back 18 Produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies |
front 19 T cells (T lymphocytes) differentiate... | back 19 Thymus Gland |
front 20 B cells (B lymphocytes) differentiate... | back 20 Red Bone Marrow |
front 21 Macrophages | back 21 phagocytize foreign substances and help activate T cells |
front 22 Dendritic cells | back 22 Capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes |
front 23 Reticular cells | back 23 Produce reticular fibers that support lymphoid organs |
front 24 White pulp | back 24 One of two distinct areas in the spleen around central arteries. Mostly lymphocytes on reticular fibers and involved in immune functions. |
front 25 Red pulp | back 25 One of two distinct areas in the spleen. In venous sinuses and splenic cords. Rich in RBCs macrophages for disposal of worn-out RBCs and blood-borne. |
front 26 Palatine Tonsils | back 26 Posterior end of the oral cavity |
front 27 Lingual Tonsils | back 27 Grouped at the base of the tongue |
front 28 Pharyngeal Tonsil | back 28 Posterior wall of the nasopharynx |
front 29 Tonsillar Crypts | back 29 Overlying epithelium in the tonsils that traps and destroys bacteria and particulate matter. Produces and stores lymphocytes |
front 30 Peyer’s Patches | back 30 Clusters of lymphoid follicles in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine |
front 31 Peyer’s Patches and the Appendix | back 31 Destroy bacteria, preventing them from breaching the intestinal wall. Generate “memory” lymphocytes |
front 32 Lymphatic Follicles | back 32 Type of lymphoid tissue, solid, spherical bodies of tightly packed reticular elements and cells Germinal center composed of dendritic and B cells May form part of larger lymphoid organs |
front 33 Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue | back 33 Type of lymphoid tissue comprises of scattered reticular tissue elements in every body organ Larger collections in the lamina propria of mucous membranes and lymphoid organs |
front 34 Lymph is propelled by the same forces that assist venous return | back 34 Skeletal muscle pumps Respiratory pumps Valves to prevent backflow Vasoconstriction and vasodilation of smooth muscle in walls of lymphatic vessels |
front 35 Lymphocytes main warriors of the immune system Two Main Varieties | back 35 T cells (T lymphocytes) B cells (B lymphocytes) |
front 36 Empties lymph into venous circulation at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins on its own side of the body | back 36 Ducts |
front 37 Right lymphatic Duct | back 37 Drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax |
front 38 Thoracic Duct | back 38 Arises from the cisterna chyli and drains the rest of the body |
front 39 How do Lymphatic collecting vessels differ from veins? | back 39 Have thinner walls, with more internal valves Anastomose more frequently Collecting vessels in the skin travel with superficial veins Deep vessels travel with arteries |
front 40 Lacteals | back 40 Specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa. That absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph (chyle) to the blood |
front 41 How do pathogens travel throughout the body | back 41 lymphatics |
front 42 Lymph Nodes | back 42 Principal lymphoid organs of body |
front 43 Germinal center | back 43 Part of Composed of dendritic and B cells. May form part of larger lymphoid organs |
front 44 Embedded in connective tissue, in clusters along lymphatic vessels. Near the body surface in inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body | back 44 Lymph Nodes |
front 45 Spleen | back 45 Functions: Site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelets and macrophages remove debris Stores breakdown products of RBCs (e.g., iron) for later reuse Stores blood platelets and monocytes Site of fetal erythrocyte production (normally ceases after birth) |
front 46 Largest lymphoid organ. Served by splenic artery and vein, which enter and exit at the hilum | back 46 Spleen |
front 47 Entry of lymph in to the lymphatic capillaries is promoted by? | back 47 one-way mini valves |
front 48 Circulation of lymph in the lymph nodes | back 48
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front 49 What allows Lymphocytes and macrophages time to carry out functions? | back 49 Fewer efferent vessels, causing flow of lymph to stagnate |
front 50 Where does the left and right lumbar trunk drain before the thoracic duct? | back 50 Cisterna Chyli |
front 51 What trunk drains into the Cisterna Chyli first? | back 51 Intestinal Trunk |
front 52 When B lymphocytes are dividing rapidly, what lymphoid tissue enlarges? | back 52 Germinal Center |
front 53 Trabeculae are extensions of | back 53 The capsule |
front 54 Lymph sinuses | back 54 Large lymph capillaries in a lymph node spanned by crisscrossing reticular fibers |
front 55 Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as | back 55 White pulp |