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107 notecards = 27 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

The microbial world

front 1

A minute living thing that are too small to be seen with the unaided eyes are generally referred to as

back 1

microorganism

front 2

What are the types of microorganism

back 2

Bacteria

fungi

protozoa

archaea

multicellular animal parasites

algae

front 3

Joseph Lister

back 3

performed surgery under aseptic conditions using phenol

front 4

Give some examples of prokaryotes

back 4

bacteria and archaea

front 5

give some examples of eukaryotes

back 5

protozoa, fungi, algae

front 6

What are some of the shapes of bacteria

back 6

spiral, bacillus, coccus

front 7

The theory that all living things are composed of cells was marked after the discovery of cells of whom

back 7

Robert Hooke

front 8

one of the main composition of the bacterial cell wall is

back 8

peptidoglycan

front 9

Bacteria and archaea reproduce by what method of cell division

back 9

binary fission

front 10

does archaea have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

back 10

no

front 11

list some types of archaea

back 11

methane, salty environments, hot sulfurous water

front 12

is it true that fungus can be unicellular or multicellular

back 12

yes

front 13

most typical fungus occur as

back 13

mold or yeast

front 14

protozoa can move by what structure

back 14

pseudopods, cilia, flagella

front 15

chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungus to treat infections are called

back 15

antibiotics

front 16

who discovered penicillin

back 16

alexander Fleming

front 17

what is the name of the fungus from which penicillin was first isolated

back 17

P. chrysogenum

front 18

a field of study of fungus is called

back 18

mycology

front 19

a field of stud of protozoa and other parasitic worms is called

back 19

parasitology

front 20

In the scientific name, escherichia coli, escherichia is the

back 20

genus

front 21

all of the following are examples of biotechnology except which one

back 21

bacteria that cause disease

front 22

In pasteur's swan neck flask experiment, the importance of the S-shaped curves in the flasks was two-fold. The curves allowed entry of air, and yet excluded

back 22

airborne bacteria

front 23

Which is not a characteristic of the normal microbiota (normal flora)

back 23

regularly associated with disease

front 24

which of the following is not true of the archaea

back 24

they are commonly associated with human disease

front 25

pasteurization is used for all of the following purposes except

back 25

to remove all microorganism from food

increase shelf-life of food

front 26

which is not a characteristic of bacteria

back 26

bacteria have cell walls containing chitin

front 27

flagella are appendages that allow locomotion in bacteria

back 27

true

front 28

Methanogens, extreme halophils, extreme themophilis, are the types of

back 28

archaea

front 29

microorganisms whose DNA is not enclosed within a membrane and arranged in a single circular ring are classified as

back 29

prokaryotes

front 30

mad cow disease is caused by a prion which is an infectious

back 30

protein

front 31

all of the following are eukaryotes except

back 31

bacteria

front 32

which of the following groups is not resolved with the light microscope

back 32

viruses

front 33

in 1978 Carl Woese designed a system of classification based on cellular organization of organism. According to this classification all life can be classified into three domains:

back 33

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

front 34

In the bacterial name vibrio cholerae the word cholarae represents the

back 34

specific epithet

front 35

the process by which bacteria reproduce is known as

back 35

binary fission

front 36

which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria

back 36

that they are all pathogenic

front 37

the first observations of bacteria and protozoa was made by

back 37

robert Hooke

front 38

the germ theory of disease was proven by

back 38

Koch

front 39

Which of the following is a scientific name

back 39

Legionella pneumonia

front 40

Using microbes to clean up pollutants is called

back 40

bioremediation

front 41

which one of the following is an example of bioremediation

back 41

use pseudomonas to remove uranium from soil at weapons depots

front 42

which one of the following was the most significant difference in the experiments that resulted in pasteur's proof of biogenesis being accepted over Needham's proof

back 42

air was present

front 43

pasteurization was first developed to kill

back 43

spoilage bacteria in wine

front 44

robert Koch's studies on bacillus anthracis established a sequence of experimental steps to prove that microbes

back 44

cause disease

front 45

how would you recognize an antibiotic producing soil bacterium on a plate crowded with other bacteria? the bacterial colony producing the antibiotic would be

back 45

surrounded by a clear area

front 46

the usefulness of antibiotics is hampered by

back 46

the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

front 47

mad cow is caused by a prion which is an infectious

back 47

protein

front 48

in a nomenclature system designed by Carolus Linnaeus each living organism is assigned two names

back 48

true

front 49

examples of fungi include yeast,molds, and mushrooms

back 49

true

front 50

E. coli O157:H7 is part of the normal microbiota in the human large intestine

back 50

false

front 51

Viruses can be only observed with a high power microscopy (+ oil)

back 51

false

front 52

Viruses contain DNA and RNA but not the cytoplasm

back 52

false

front 53

what was the major discovery of Edward Jenner

back 53

vaccination/immunity

front 54

What was the major discovery of Joseph Lister

back 54

aseptic techniques

front 55

Name the fungus identified by Alexander Fleming which produced a specific antibiotic that killed the bacteria on agar plate?

back 55

P. chrysogenum

front 56

who discovered salvarsan

back 56

Paul Ehrlich

front 57

Bacteriology

back 57

study of bacteria

front 58

virology

back 58

study of viruses

front 59

oncology

back 59

study of cancerous cells

front 60

mycology

back 60

study of fungi

front 61

parasitology

back 61

study of protozoa and parasitic worms

front 62

immunology

back 62

study of immunity

front 63

bioremediation

back 63

using microbes to clean up pollutants

front 64

insertion of a missing gene or replacing a defective one with the good gene in a human cell is called

back 64

gene therapy

front 65

Name few of the human genetic disorders which has been successfully treated with the gene therapy technique

back 65

duchene's muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, etc

front 66

what is the difference between normal microbiota and pathogens

back 66

normanl microbiota doesn't harm humans while pathogens harm humans

front 67

what is the other term used to describe normal microbiota

back 67

flora

front 68

what does MRSA stand for

back 68

methicillin-resistant S. aureus

front 69

what is the scientific name for the mad cow disease

back 69

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

front 70

name the agent of creutzfeldt-jakon disease

back 70

prion

front 71

name the pathogenix strain of E. coli, which cause bloody diarrhea and kidney faillure

back 71

E. coli O157:H7

front 72

what does avirulence mean

back 72

less potent

front 73

what presented the germ theory of disease

back 73

that microorganisms might cause disease

front 74

the preventative measures in any procedure taken to avoid contamination by unwanted microorganisms is called

back 74

aseptic techniques

front 75

who demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions, but that air itself does not create microbes

back 75

Louis Pasteur

front 76

scientists and philosophers believed that some form of life could arise from nonliving matter, they called the hypothetical process as:

back 76

spontaneous generation

front 77

what are the chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms is called

back 77

antibiotics

front 78

protection from disease provided by vaccination is called

back 78

immunity

front 79

an ability of our bodies to ward off diseases and overcome offensive tactics of microbes is called

back 79

resistance

front 80

what is the scientific term for a bird flu

back 80

avian influenza A

front 81

what is considered as a magic bullet against syphilis

back 81

salvarsan

front 82

prokaryotes

back 82

no nucleus

DNA in cells

bacteria and arcahea

front 83

eukaryotes

back 83

has nucleus

fungi, protozoa, algae

front 84

bacteria

back 84

organisms that can live on their own

prokaryotes

single-celled

divides via binary fission

cell wall contains peptidoglycan

front 85

archaea

back 85

three main groups (methanogens, extreme halophile, extreme thermophiles)

prokaryotes

cell wall lack peptidoglycan

found in extreme environments

front 86

fungi

back 86

eukaryotes

nucleus

can't carryout photosynthesis

front 87

classification of microorganisms

back 87

bacteria

archaea

eukarya

front 88

helminths

back 88

major groups of parasitic worms and flatworms

front 89

cell theory

back 89

all livings things are composed of cells

front 90

biogenesis

back 90

living cells arise only from preexisting living cells.

front 91

aseptic techniques

back 91

procedures that prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms

front 92

germ theory of disease

back 92

microorganisms might cause diseases

front 93

carolus Linnaeus

back 93

system of nomenclature

front 94

theordore Escherich

back 94

discovered escherichia bacteria (E. coli)

front 95

Cael Woese

back 95

devised a system of classification based on cellular organization of organisms

front 96

Robert Hooke

back 96

discovery marked beginning of the cell theory

front 97

anton van leeuwenhoek

back 97

first to observe live microorganisms

front 98

francesco Redi

back 98

decaying meat experiment

front 99

rudolf virchow

back 99

theory of biogenesis

front 100

Louis Pasteur

back 100

microorganisms are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions

front 101

Joseph Lister

back 101

performed surgery under aseptic conditions using phenol

front 102

Koch's postulate

back 102

experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease

front 103

Edward Jenner

back 103

discovered vaccination/immunity

front 104

chemotherapy

back 104

treatment of disease by using chemical substances

front 105

Paul Ehrlich

back 105

discovered salvarsan

speculated about "'magic bullet"

front 106

microbial ecology

back 106

study of the relationship between microorganism and their environment

front 107

gene therapy

back 107

inserting a missing gene or replacing a defective one in human cells