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76 notecards = 19 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Pregnancy and Human development

front 1

back 1

somite

front 2

implantation is usually completed after

back 2

the blastocyst is entirely surrounded by endometrium

front 3

the chorionic membrane forms by which of the following layers in a developing embryo?

back 3

cytotrophoblast and syncitiotrophoblast

both B and C

front 4

which structure represents the remnant of the right to left atrial fetal shunt

back 4

fossa ovalis

front 5

which structure below is formed from endodermal tissue

back 5

esophagus

front 6

which structure below is formed from ectodermal tissues

back 6

brain

front 7

raised edged dorsal groove on early embryonic disc that establishes the longitudinal axis of the embryo is

back 7

primitive streak

front 8

which of the following is not a function of the placenta

back 8

urine formation

front 9

embryonic period from 2 to ___ weeks

back 9

8 weeks

front 10

the process which transforms the embryo into a three-layered stage is called

back 10

gastrulation

front 11

rod of mesodermal cells that serves as axial support is

back 11

notocord

front 12

abortion

back 12

expulsion of fetus before 20 weeks of gestation

front 13

hypoblast cells that form a sac on the ventral surface of the embryo called

back 13

yolk sac

front 14

the function of the ductus arteriosus is to

back 14

bypass the pulmonary circuit

front 15

following fertilization the zygote goes through a rapid period of cell division called

back 15

cleavage

front 16

back 16

allantois

front 17

Which trimester is for weight gain

back 17

3rd trimester

front 18

Secondary oocyte completes the first meiotic division

back 18

at the time of ovulation

front 19

The second polar body forms from the secondary oocyte

back 19

after fertilization by sperm cell

front 20

the 16 or more cell stage (72 hours old)

back 20

morula

front 21

the cell layer which looses their plasma membranes and invade the endometrium is

back 21

syncitiotrophoblast

front 22

placenta forms from

back 22

embryonic trophoblasts and maternal endometrium

both A and B

front 23

Teratogenic (leading to structural deformity in newborn) drug such as thalidomide or phenothiazine mostly affect which stage of pregnancy and development

back 23

1st trimester

front 24

implantation is usually completed after

back 24

the blastocyst is entirely surrounded by endometrium

front 25

the outermost embryonic membrane is the

back 25

chorion

front 26

the process which transforms the embryo into a three-layered stage is called

back 26

gastrulation

front 27

How many weeks does the embryonic period last

back 27

8 weeks

front 28

epiblast cells on the dorsal surface of embryonic disc form a transparent membrane filled with fluid called

back 28

amnion

front 29

a small outpocketing at the caudal end of the yolk sac

back 29

allantois

front 30

organogenesis occurs during

back 30

1st trimester

front 31

raised edged dorsal groove on early embryonic disc that establishes the longitudinal axis of the embryo is

back 31

primitive streak

front 32

by the fourth or fifth day the pre-embryo consists of 100 cells called ____ stage

back 32

blastocyst

front 33

implantation is completed by the ___ day after ovulation

back 33

5th

front 34

allantois provides structural base for the ____

back 34

umbilical cord

front 35

there are ___ pairs of somites

back 35

40

front 36

somites have three functional parts

back 36

sclerotome, dermatome, myotome

front 37

Embryonic development of the digestive system (3rd week)

back 37

endoderm has folded and foregut and hindgut have formed

the midgut is open and continuous with the yolk sac

mouth and anal openings are nearly formed

front 38

8th week

back 38

accessory organs are budding from endoderm

front 39

rooting reflex

back 39

helps infants find the nipple

front 40

suckling reflex

back 40

aids in swallowing

front 41

morula

back 41

the 16 or more cells stage (72 hours old). By the fourth or fifth day the pre embryo consists of 100 or so cells

front 42

ectoderm

back 42

forms structures of the nervous system and skin epidermis

front 43

endoderm

back 43

forms epithelial linings of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems

front 44

mesoderm

back 44

forms all the other tissues

front 45

sclerotome

back 45

produce the vertebrae and ribs

front 46

dermatome

back 46

help form the dermis of the skin on the dorsal part of the body

front 47

myotome

back 47

form the skeletal muscles of the neck, trunk, and limbs

front 48

ductus venosus

back 48

venous shunt that by passes the liver

front 49

foramen ovale

back 49

opening in the interatrial septa to bypass pulmonary circulation

front 50

the chorionic membrane is formed by which of the following layers in a developing embryo?

back 50

cytotrophoblast and syncitiotrophoblast

both B and C

front 51

the umbilica cords becomes

back 51

ligamentum teres

front 52

ductus venosus becomes

back 52

ligamentum venosum

front 53

umbilical arteries becomes

back 53

medial umbilical ligaments

front 54

the foramen ovale becomes

back 54

fossa ovalis

front 55

ductus arteriosus becomes

back 55

ligamentum arteriosum

front 56

vasectomy

back 56

cutting and ligating the ducdtus deferens

front 57

ejaculation

back 57

propulsion of semen from the male duct system

front 58

suspensory

back 58

anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall

front 59

mesovarium

back 59

suspends the ovary in between

front 60

broad ligament

back 60

contains the suspensory ligament and mesovarium

front 61

mittelschmerz

back 61

a twinge of pain sometimes felt at ovulation

front 62

Days 1-5

back 62

menstrual phase. uterus sheds all but the deepest part of the endometrium

front 63

days 6-14

back 63

proliferative (preovulatory) phase. endometrium rebuilds itself

front 64

Days 15-28

back 64

secretory (postovulatory) phase. endometrium prepares for implantation of the embryo

front 65

implantation of a blastocyst

inner cell mass

trophoblast

blastocyst activity

syncytiotrophoblast

cytotrophoblast

back 65

front 66

hormonal changes during pregnancy

hCG

estrogen

pregesterone

back 66

front 67

events of placentation

back 67

front 68

circulation in fetus and newborn

back 68

front 69

chadwick's signs

back 69

the female reproductive organs become increasingly vascular and engorged with blood, and the vagina develops a purplish hue

front 70

relaxin

back 70

causes pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis to relax, widen, and becomes more flexible

front 71

stages of labor

back 71

dilation stage

expulsion stage

placental stage

front 72

dilation stage

back 72

time from labor's onset until the cervix is fully dilated by the baby's head ( about 10cm in diameter). last about 6-12 hours or more.

front 73

expulsion stage

back 73

lasts from full dilation to delivery of the infant or actual birth

front 74

placental stage

back 74

delivery of the placenta

front 75

engagement

back 75

occurs when the infant's head enters the true pelvis

front 76

crowning

back 76

occurs when the largest dimension of the baby's head distends the vulva