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chapter 11

front 1

Pleomorphic bacteria

A) have a slightly curved rod shape.

B) are flexible.

C) reproduce by snapping division.

D) are roughly spherical.

E) vary in size and shape.

back 1

E) vary in size and shape.

front 2

Which of the following bacterial arrangements is the result of snapping division?

A) tetrads

B) palisades

C) strepto-

D) sarcinae

E) staphylo-

back 2

B) palisades

front 3

Which of the following is NOT associated with Corynebacterium?

A) palisades

B) Gram-negative

C) binary fission

D) diphtheria

E) snapping division

back 3

B) Gram-negative

front 4

What bacterial structure is responsible for separating the daughter DNA molecules after

replication?

A) cross wall

B) cytoplasmic membrane

C) fimbria

D) spindle

E) cytoskeleton

back 4

B) cytoplasmic membrane

front 5

Endospores

A) are bacterial reproductive structures.

B) can be produced when nutrients are scarce.

C) are produced by bacteria, algae, and fungi.

D) are resistant to everything except radiation.

E) can last for only about 100 years.

back 5

B) can be produced when nutrients are scarce.

front 6

Bergey's Manual contains

A) classification schemes for prokaryotes.

B) treatments for bacterial diseases.

C) recipes for bacterial growth media.

D) genetic sequences of prokaryotes.

E) rules for naming new bacterial species.

back 6

A) classification schemes for prokaryotes.

front 7

Which of the following characteristics does NOT distinguish the archaea from the bacteria?

A) the types of transfer RNA used

B) the rRNA sequences present

C) the deoxyribonucleotides

D) cell wall composition

E) cell membrane composition

back 7

C) the deoxyribonucleotides

front 8

The archaea known as halophiles

A) require temperatures above 45C to survive.

B) require salt concentrations of 9% or greater to survive.

C) are members of the phylum Euryarchaeota.

D) are members of the Euryarchaeota and require temperatures above 45C.

E) are members of the Euryarchaeota and require salt concentrations above 9%.

back 8

E) are members of the Euryarchaeota and require salt concentrations above 9%.

front 9

The largest known group of archaea is the

A) thermophiles.

B) halophiles.

C) cyanobacteria.

D) methanogens.

E) hyperthermophiles.

back 9

D) methanogens.

front 10

Which of the following types of microbes might be found in the Dead Sea?

A) hyperthermophiles

B) phototrophic bacteria

C) methanogens

D) actinomycetes

E) halophiles

back 10

E) halophiles

front 11

Which of the following groups of bacteria lives in environments similar to those that may

have existed on the early Earth?

A) deeply branching bacteria

B) cyanobacteria

C) mycoplasmas

D) thermophiles

E) proteobacteria

back 11

A) deeply branching bacteria

front 12

Which of the following statements regarding cyanobacteria is FALSE?

A) They are oxygenic.

B) Many perform nitrogen fixation.

C) They contain chlorophyll a.

D) They may have given rise to mitochondria.

E) Some are motile.

back 12

D) They may have given rise to mitochondria.

front 13

Heterocysts are associated with

A) mycoplasmas.

B) alphaproteobacteria.

C) cyanobacteria.

D) myxobacteria.

E) chlamydias.

back 13

C) cyanobacteria.

front 14

Low G + C Gram-positive bacteria are

A) Mycoplasma.

B) in the phylum Firmicutes.

C) Clostridia.

D) in the phylum Actinobacteria.

E) in the phylum Firmicutes and include Clostridia and Mycoplasma.

back 14

E) in the phylum Firmicutes and include Clostridia and Mycoplasma.

front 15

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with clostridia?

A) tetanus

B) diarrhea

C) gangrene

D) botulism

E) diphtheria

back 15

E) diphtheria

front 16

Mycoplasmas are pleomorphic because they

A) have no cell walls.

B) are low G + C Gram-positive bacteria.

C) exhibit snapping division.

D) have sterols in their cytoplasmic membranes.

E) produce endospores.

back 16

A) have no cell walls.

front 17

Which of the following bacterial genera produce(s) endospores?

A) Bacillus

B) Clostridium

C) Lactobacillus

D) both Bacillus and Lactobacillus

E) both Bacillus and Clostridium

back 17

E) both Bacillus and Clostridium

front 18

Which of the following bacterial genera includes species that protect areas of the body such

as the intestinal tract and the vagina from invasion by pathogens?

A) Staphylococcus

B) Listeria

C) Lactobacillus

D) Mycobacterium

E) Corynebacterium

back 18

C) Lactobacillus

front 19

Which of the following groups of bacteria is named for its resemblance to fungi?

A) Corynebacterium

B) Actinomyces

C) Clostridium

D) Lactobacillus

E) Staphylococcus

back 19

B) Actinomyces

front 20

Which of the following bacterial genera is used for the degradation of environmental

pollutants?

A) Actinomyces

B) Streptomyces

C) Corynebacterium

D) Rhizobium

E) Nocardia

back 20

E) Nocardia

front 21

Which of the following is NOT associated with bacteria in the genus Streptomyces?

A) the "musty" smell of soil

B) nutrient recycling in soil

C) antibiotic production

D) microbial antagonism

E) protection of plants against caterpillars

back 21

E) protection of plants against caterpillars

front 22

Which of the following characteristics is the basis for distinguishing classes of

proteobacteria?

A) outer membrane carbohydrates

B) cell wall structure

C) G + C ratio

D) ribosomal RNA sequences

E) cytoplasmic membrane lipid composition

back 22

D) ribosomal RNA sequences

front 23

Proteobacteria, which are facultative anaerobes commonly found in mammalian intestines,

are members of the

A) alphaproteobacteria.

B) betaproteobacteria.

C) gammaproteobacteria.

D) deltaproteobacteria.

E) epsilonproteobacteria.

back 23

C) gammaproteobacteria.

front 24

Members of which of the following genera are the most common sexually transmitted

bacteria in the United States?

A) Bacteroides

B) Rickettsia

C) Chlamydia

D) Helicobacter

E) Treponema

back 24

C) Chlamydia

front 25

Which of the following genera does NOT include intracellular parasites of other cells?

A) Bdellovibrio

B) Chlamydia

C) Rickettsia

D) Borrelia

E) Legionella

back 25

D) Borrelia

front 26

Unusual cellular extensions called prosthecae are associated with which of the following

groups of proteobacteria?

A) alpha

B) beta

C) gamma

D) delta

E) epsilon

back 26

A) alpha

front 27

Which of the following bacterial genera plays an important role in environmental nitrogen

cycles?

A) Nitrobacter

B) Rhizobium

C) Azospirillum

D) both Nitrobacter and Rhizobium

E) Nitrobacter, Rhizobium, and Azospirillum

back 27

E) Nitrobacter, Rhizobium, and Azospirillum

front 28

Microbes growing in boiling hot mineral springs are generally

A) methanogens.

B) halophiles.

C) hyperthermophiles.

D) purple sulfur bacteria.

E) cyanobacteria.

back 28

C) hyperthermophiles.

front 29

Classification of bacteria into different phyla is based on comparisons involving which of the

following?

A) DNA sequences

B) cell wall composition

C) protein sequences

D) both DNA and protein sequences

E) DNA and protein sequences, as well as cell wall composition

back 29

D) both DNA and protein sequences

front 30

Bacteria that require hydrogen sulfide are generally members of the

A) green phototrophic bacteria.

B) cyanobacteria.

C) halophiles.

D) methanogens.

E) thermophiles

back 30

A) green phototrophic bacteria.

front 31

Which of the following statements regarding pseudomonads is FALSE?

A) They are Gram-negative rods.

B) They are symbiotic with plants for nitrogen fixation.

C) They often contaminate food products.

D) They include Pseudomonas and Azotobacter.

E) They cause urinary tract infections.

back 31

B) They are symbiotic with plants for nitrogen fixation.

front 32

Which of the following bacterial genera is useful for sewage treatment?

A) Burkholderia

B) Thiobacillus

C) Neisseria

D) Zoogloea

E) Nitrosomonas

back 32

D) Zoogloea

front 33

A flexible, spiral-shaped bacterium is called a

A) spirochete.

B) vibrio.

C) coccobacillus.

D) spirillum.

E) sarcina.

back 33

A) spirochete.

front 34

The "giant" bacterium Epulopiscium reproduces by means of

A) binary fission.

B) snapping division.

C) budding.

D) sexual reproduction.

E) viviparity.

back 34

E) viviparity.

front 35

Which of the following statements regarding mycoplasmas is FALSE?

A) They are low G + C bacteria.

B) They stain Gram-positive.

C) They are pleomorphic.

D) They exhibit a "fried egg" appearance on solid media.

E) They are the smallest free-living cells.

back 35

B) They stain Gram-positive.

front 36

The anaerobic Clostridium species are troublesome pathogens largely because of their

capacity for

A) endospore production.

B) rapid reproduction.

C) oxygen production.

D) biofilm production.

E) high salt tolerance.

back 36

A) endospore production.

front 37

Prokaryotes of the genus Pyrodictium are

A) endospore formers.

B) intracellular parasites.

C) members of the deeply branching bacteria.

D) halophiles.

E) thermophiles.

back 37

E) thermophiles.

front 38

The __________ include the genus Aquifex.

A) archaea

B) proteobacteria

C) deeply branching bacteria

D) high G + C Gram-positive bacteria

E) clostridia

back 38

C) deeply branching bacteria

front 39

The bacterium Bacillus cereus is

A) an endospore former.

B) a frequent contaminant of milk and meat.

C) responsible for food poisoning from rice.

D) the cause of gastric ulcers.

E) an endospore former responsible for food poisoning from rice.

back 39

E) an endospore former responsible for food poisoning from rice.

front 40

Listeria is responsible for

A) gastric ulcers.

B) contaminated milk and meat.

C) urinary tract infections.

D) tuberculosis.

E) "flesh-eating" bacterial infections.

back 40

B) contaminated milk and meat.

front 41

One species of the genus Streptococcus is the leading cause of

A) tuberculosis.

B) urinary tract infections.

C) contaminated milk and meat.

D) "flesh-eating"; bacterial infections.

E) food poisoning from rice.

back 41

D) "flesh-eating"; bacterial infections.

front 42

The genus Mycobacterium includes species responsible for

A) tuberculosis.

B) urinary tract infections.

C) food poisoning from contaminated dairy products.

D) gastric ulcers.

E) food poisoning from rice.

back 42

A) tuberculosis.

front 43

The genus Helicobacter is responsible for

A) food poisoning from contaminated meat.

B) food poisoning from rice.

C) gastric ulcers.

D) tuberculosis.

E) urinary tract infections.

back 43

C) gastric ulcers.

front 44

Members of the genus Chlamydia are

A) thermophiles.

B) intracellular parasites.

C) classified with the deeply branching bacteria.

D) endospore-formers.

E) Gram-positive bacteria.

back 44

B) intracellular parasites.

front 45

Pseudomonas species are occasional causes of

A) food poisoning from contaminated meat.

B) food poisoning from rice.

C) food poisoning from dairy products.

D) "flesh-eating" bacterial infection.

E) urinary tract infections.

back 45

E) urinary tract infections.

front 46

The majority of archaea are extremophiles.

back 46

FALSE

front 47

When an endospore germinates, it gives rise to two daughter cells called vegetative cells.

back 47

FALSE

front 48

Members of the Streptomyces are environmentally important because they can degrade a wide

range of compounds including lignin from trees, chitin and keratin from animals, and latex.

back 48

TRUE

front 49

Halophiles grow equally well in the presence or absence of high salt concentrations.

back 49

FALSE

front 50

Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a and carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis.

back 50

FALSE

front 51

Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.

back 51

TRUE

front 52

Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus can invade the body and cause diseases such as

pneumonia and bacteremia.

back 52

TRUE

front 53

Mycoplasmas are named for the large quantities of mycolic acid in their cell walls.

back 53

FALSE

front 54

Most of the methane produced by methanogens is oxidized by other types of bacteria before it

affects the Earth's climate.

back 54

TRUE

front 55

Myxobacteria exhibit traits, such as cooperation and differentiation, that are not normally

observed in prokaryotes.

back 55

TRUE

front 56

A bacterial cell that produces an endospore is called a(n) ___________ cell.

back 56

Answer: vegetative

front 57

Bacteria that can colonize and spoil meats preserved with high concentrations of salt are

called __________.

back 57

Answer: halophiles

front 58

Bacteria that use chlorophyll a and engage in oxygenic photosynthesis, just like plants and

algae, are called __________.

back 58

Answer: cyanobacteria

front 59

Thick-walled spores produced by some species of cyanobacteria are called ___________.

back 59

Answer: akinetes

front 60

Regular clusters of cocci that resemble a square are called __________.

back 60

Answer: tetrads

front 61

The G+C ratio is a ______ determination used in classifying the different taxa of Gram-

positive bacteria.

back 61

Answer: genetic

front 62

The ___________ are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that form branching filaments

resembling those of fungi.

back 62

Answer: actinomycetes

front 63

The genus of pathogenic cocci responsible for a wide range of human disease and whose

members grow in chains is ___________. (Be sure your answer is italicized.)

back 63

Answer: Streptococcus

front 64

Unusual structures associated with the alphaproteobacteria that consist of an extension of the

cytoplasm surrounded by the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall are called __________.

back 64

Answer: prosthecae

front 65

The reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonia is called nitrogen __________.

back 65

Answer: fixation

front 66

Slow-growing bacteria in the genus ___________ are able to withstand long exposure to air

because of the presence of mycolic acid in their cell wall structure. (Be sure your answer is

italicized.)

back 66

Answer: Mycobacterium

front 67

Plant tumors caused by Agrobacterium infections are called ___________.

back 67

Answer: galls

front 68

The ___________ are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that include obligate anaerobes

normally found in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans.

back 68

Answer: bacteroids

front 69

The infective stage of chlamydia is called the __________ body.

back 69

Answer: elementary

front 70

Burkholderia is a common __________ pathogen of patients with cystic fibrosis.

back 70

Answer: opportunistic