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Chapter 23: The Digestive System
front 1 Paneth cells ___. | back 1 secrete enzymes that kill bacteria |
front 2 Select the correct statement about absorption. A) Eighty percent of ingested materials have been absorbed by the end of the large intestine. B) Amino acid transport is linked to chloride transport. C) Carbohydrates diffuse across the villus epithelium and are then actively transported into blood capillaries. D) If intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium, an immune response may be generated. | back 2 D) If intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium, an immune response may be generated. |
front 3  Which teeth are best suited for cutting or nipping off pieces of food in the permanent dentition? | back 3 Incisors |
front 4 Gastric juice does not typically cause a burning sensation within the stomach. But reflux of this gastric juice into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation. One reason why this occurs is that the esophagus ______. | back 4 secretes mucus that is not identical to stomach mucus |
front 5 The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________. | back 5 Mesentieries |
front 6 Which component of bile emulsifies fats? A) bile salts B) stercobilin C) cholesterol D) bilirubin | back 6 A) Bile Salts |
front 7 Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? A) pepsin B) rennin C) lipase D) cholecystokinin | back 7 C) lipase |
front 8 What is the major digestive function of the pancreas? | back 8 Production of digestive enzymes |
front 9 The primary dentition consists of __________ teeth. | back 9 20 |
front 10 The __________ is the last segment of the small intestine. | back 10 Ileum |
front 11 The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? A) plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli B) the rugae and haustra C) Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches D) the vast array of digestive enzymes | back 11 A) plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli |
front 12  What is a major function of pancreatic juice? | back 12 Neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach |
front 13 Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. | back 13 Chief cells of the stomach |
front 14 Which of these is not a component of saliva? A) lysozyme B) a cyanide derivative C) defensins D) nitric oxide | back 14 B) a cyanide derivative |
front 15 An effective way to medically treat diarrhea would be to use a drug that ______. | back 15 Inhibits the activity of the myenteric nerve plexus |
front 16 Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth. A) There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months. B) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20. C) There are 32 primary teeth, and by 36 months of age, most children have all 32. D) There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent. | back 16 B) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20. |
front 17  | back 17 Lesser omentum Mesentery Parietal Peritoneum Transverse Mesocolon Greater Omentum Visceral Peritoneum |
front 18 The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________. | back 18 collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage |
front 19  | back 19 Right and left colic flexure Haustrum Epiploic Appendages Teniae Coli Ileocecal Valve Appendix |
front 20 Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? | back 20 Parietal Cells |
front 21 In the __________ phase of gastric secretion, chyme is moved into the duodenum. | back 21 Intestinal |
front 22 Cholecystokinin | back 22 Increases output of enzymatic-rich pancreatic juice |
front 23 Gastrin | back 23 Increases HCI secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle |
front 24 Secretin | back 24 Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions. |
front 25 Gastric Inhibitory Peptide | back 25 Stimulates insulin release and mildly inhibits HCI production |
front 26 Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur in the __________. | back 26 Small Intestine |
front 27 Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier? A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus B) production of intrinsic factor C) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells D) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells | back 27 B) production of intrinsic factor |
front 28 Which histological layer of the digestive tract is composed primarily of epithelial tissue? | back 28 Mucosa |
front 29 Saliva does NOT __________. | back 29 aid in the chemical digestion of proteins |
front 30  | back 30 Teeth |
front 31  | back 31 no data |
front 32 Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________. | back 32 Secretin |
front 33 Which organ of the digestive tract is the body's major digestive organ? | back 33 Small Intestine |
front 34 When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. | back 34 Chemical Digestion |
front 35 Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption. A) Potassium moves across the epithelium by active transport. B) Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum. C) Chlorine ion absorption is coupled to glucose and amino acid transport. D) If vitamin B is not present, calcium is not absorbed. | back 35 B) Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum. |
front 36 There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig ________ antibody-mediated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems. | back 36 IgA |
front 37  | back 37 Stomach |
front 38 Which of the following are mismatched? A) lipase: fat digestion B) nuclease: DNA and RNA digestion C) protease: lipid digestion D) amylase: carbohydrate digestion | back 38 C) protease: lipid digestion |
front 39 Chief cells ________. | back 39 produce pepsinogen |
front 40 Hyposalivation can be treated with a drug that ______. | back 40 stimulates muscarinic receptors in salivary gland serous cells |
front 41 A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ________. | back 41 Alkalosis |
front 42 How are fats absorbed into the blood? | back 42 In the form of chylomicrons |
front 43  Which chemical activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin? | back 43 Enteropeptidase |
front 44 Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds? A) circumvallate and filiform B) palatine and circumvallate C) fungiform and circumvallate D) fungiform, circumvallate, and filiform | back 44 C) fungiform and circumvallate |
front 45  | back 45 Greater Omentum Mesentery Transverse Colon Sigmoid Mesocolon |
front 46 The __________ circulation includes all of the major abdominal arteries that serve the digestive organs. | back 46 Splanchnic |
front 47  | back 47 no data |
front 48 What is the function of the bacterial flora that inhabit the large intestine? A) Bacterial flora release a bicarbonate-rich juice to help neutralize chyme from the stomach. B) Bacterial flora emulsify fats. C) Bacterial flora facilitate nutrient absorption. D) Bacterial flora synthesize B-complex vitamins and some of the vitamin K needed by the liver. | back 48 D) Bacterial flora synthesize B-complex vitamins and some of the vitamin K needed by the liver. |
front 49  | back 49 Structures of the large intestine |
front 50 T/F: The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis. | back 50 TRUE |
front 51  Which major process involves the elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus? | back 51 Defecation |
front 52 The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. | back 52 Digestion |
front 53 What role of the stomach is essential to life? | back 53 production of intrinsic factor |
front 54  | back 54 Structures of the mouth |
front 55 What is the opening to the mouth called? | back 55 Oral Orifice |
front 56 What muscle forms the labia of the mouth? | back 56 Orbicularis Oris |
front 57 If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________. | back 57 Serosa |
front 58 The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure. | back 58 Liver |
front 59 Peristaltic waves are ________. | back 59 Waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another |
front 60 The major function of the large intestine is to __________. | back 60 Absorb water |
front 61 Which of the following inhibits salivation? A) spicy foods B) sight or smell of food C) parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system D) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system | back 61 D) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
front 62  | back 62 Structures of the mouth |
front 63 The innermost tissue layer of the alimentary canal is the __________. | back 63 Mucosa |
front 64 Which of the following is NOT a structural modification of the small intestine to increase surface area? A) rugae B) circular folds C) villi D) microvilli | back 64 A) rugae |
front 65 T/F: Bacteria that reside in the large intestine make vitamin K. | back 65 TRUE |
front 66 The __________ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal body wall. | back 66 Parietal Peritoneum |
front 67 The appendix contains masses of lymphoid tissue and therefore has leukocytes capable of attacking bacteria present in the appendix. But during appendicitis, bacteria trapped in the lumen of the appendix are not effectively attacked because ______. | back 67 There is an adequate blood supply to the appendix wall |
front 68 Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the nerve supply of the enteric neurons that regulate digestive system activity? | back 68 Submucosa |
front 69  | back 69 Alimentary Canal |
front 70 Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins? A) lipase B) amylase C) trypsin D) dextrinase | back 70 C) trypsin |
front 71 Which enzymes are responsible for the final chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids? | back 71 Brush Border Enzymes |
front 72 Which duct carries bile out of bile ducts in the liver? | back 72 Common Hepatic Duct |
front 73 Hepatocytes do not ________. | back 73 produce digestive enzymes |
front 74 Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? | back 74 B12 |
front 75 From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. | back 75 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis externa 4. Serosa |
front 76 T/F: The soft palate rises reflexively to open the nasopharynx when we swallow food. | back 76 FALSE |
front 77 When a baby ingests breast milk, the milk's IgA antibodies may be absorbed into the baby's bloodstream because ______. | back 77 many pepsinogen molecules remain unchanged |
front 78  | back 78 Digestive Tract |
front 79 How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa? | back 79 Active transport driven directly ot indirectly by metabolic energy |
front 80 Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? A) Carbohydrates B) Starches C) Lipids D) Proteins | back 80 C) Lipids |
front 81 Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. | back 81 The vagus nerve and enteric plexus |