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43 notecards = 11 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

22.5

front 1

lung collapse due to air or too much fluid entering pleural space

back 1

pneumothorax

front 2

what is pneumothorax caused by

back 2

  • spontaneous
  • trauma

front 3

how do you treat pneumothorax ?

back 3

removing air or fluid

  • restores negative pressure
  • needle or chest tube

front 4

each lung is independent

back 4

true

front 5

breathing in

back 5

inspiration

front 6

Diaphragm contracts

back 6

inspiration

front 7

flattens and moves inferiorly

back 7

diaphragm contracts

front 8

external intercostal muscles contract

back 8

inspiration

front 9

lifts the rib cage

back 9

external intercostal muscles contract

front 10

inspiration increases volume of thoracic cavity

back 10

true

front 11

air flows into lungs

back 11

inspiration

front 12

during inspiration Ppul < Patm (by 1 mmHg)

back 12

true

front 13

what muscles are used during forced inspiration ?

back 13

scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor

front 14

when is forced inspiration needed?

back 14

vigorous exercise, disease, and lab experiments

front 15

breathing out

back 15

expiration

front 16

normal expiration is passive

back 16

true

front 17

inspiratory muscles relax

back 17

expiration

front 18

elasticity of lungs decreases volume

back 18

expiration

front 19

as volume goes down, pressure goes up

back 19

true

front 20

in expiration Ppul > Pulatm (by 1 mmHg)

back 20

true

front 21

air flows out of lungs

back 21

expiration

front 22

forced expiration is active process

back 22

true

front 23

contraction of abdominal wall muscles

back 23

forced expiration

front 24

what muscles contract during forced expiration ?

back 24

  • obliques
  • transverse abdominals
  • internal intercostals

front 25

when is forced expiration needed?

back 25

  • singing
  • COPD
  • lab experiments

front 26

paralyzing toxins kill due to suffocation

back 26

paralysis

front 27

cannot change volume of thoracic cavity

back 27

paralysis

front 28

air will not flow

back 28

paralysis

front 29

what is an example of a paralyzing toxin

back 29

tetrodotoxin

front 30

what does tetrodotoxin do?

back 30

blocks voltages gated Na+ channels in skeletal muscles

front 31

formation of non-elastic tissue in lungs

back 31

pulmonary fibrosis

front 32

lungs do not recoil after inspiration due to

back 32

pulmonary fibrosis

front 33

what causes pulmonary fibrosis

back 33

  • infection
  • smoking
  • pollutants

front 34

equation resistance to air flow

back 34

R= viscocity (length)/ radius4

front 35

resistance to air flow is normally low, why?

back 35

because viscosity of air is low, compared to blood

front 36

radius of airway is easily changed

back 36

true

front 37

what changes the radius of the airway

back 37

bronchodilation or bronchoconstriction

front 38

radius of bronchioles increase

back 38

bronchodilation

front 39

increase air flow by decreasing resistance

back 39

bronchodilation

front 40

what is bronchodilation caused by?

back 40

activation of sympathetic nervous system

front 41

radius of bronchioles decreases

back 41

bronchoconstriction

front 42

decreases air flow increasing resistance

back 42

bronchoconstriction

front 43

what is bronchoconstriction caused by ?

back 43

activation of parasympathetic nervous system