front 1 The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species. | back 1 Phylogeny |
front 2 The discipline of ________ classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships. | back 2 systematics |
front 3 a scientific discipline concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life. | back 3 taxonomy |
front 4 In the 18th century, ________ ________ published a system of taxonomy based on resemblances. Two key features of his system remain useful today: two-part names for species and hierarchical classification. | back 4 Carolus Linnaeus |
front 5 The two-part scientific name of a species is called a: | back 5 binomial |
front 6 The first part of the name is the _______. It is unique, no two are the same. | back 6 genus |
front 7 The second part, called the ______ _______, is unique for each species within the genus. | back 7 specific epithet |
front 8 The first letter of the genus is __________, and the entire species name is _________. | back 8 capitalized, italicized. |
front 9 Systematists depict evolutionary relationships in branching _________ _______. A branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. | back 9 phylogenetic trees |
front 10 Each ____ _____ of a phylogenetic tree represents the divergence of two species. | back 10 branch point |
front 11 ______ _____ are groups that share an immediate common ancestor. | back 11 sister taxa |
front 12 When constructing a phylogeny, systematists need to distinguish whether a similarity is the result of ________ or ________. | back 12 homology or analogy |
front 13 a similarity due to shared ancestry. | back 13 homology |
front 14 a similarity due to convergent evolution. | back 14 analogy |
front 15 ________ structures or molecular sequences that evolved independently are also called homoplasies. | back 15 Analogous |
front 16 ____________ ________ uses DNA and other molecular data to determine evolutionary relationships. a scientific discipline that uses neclueic acids or toher molecules to infer evolutionary relationships between different species. | back 16 Molecular systematics. |
front 17 groups organisms by common descent. | back 17 cladistics |
front 18 a ______ is a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants. | back 18 clade |
front 19 consists of the ancestor species and all its descendants. (clade) | back 19 monophyletic group |
front 20 consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of the descendants. | back 20 paraphyletic group |
front 21 consists of various species that lack a common ancestor. | back 21 polyphyletic group |
front 22 a shared ______ character is a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon. | back 22 shared ancestral character |
front 23 a shared ________ character is an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade. | back 23 shared derived character |
front 24 An ________ is a species or group of species that is closely related to the ingroup, the various species being studied. | back 24 outgroup |
front 25 a method for estimating the time required for a given amount of evolutionary change, based on the observation that some regions of genomes evolve at constant rates. | back 25 molecular clock |
front 26 More recently, the three-domain system has been adopted: | back 26 Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya |