front 1 What is radiation? | back 1 Energy that is transmitted by waves through space or through a medium (matter). |
front 2 Define Energy | back 2 Capacity to operate or work. |
front 3 List five forms of energy. | back 3 Mechanical, electrical, heat, nuclear, and electromagnetic. |
front 4 Define Ionization. | back 4 Any process by which a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, thus acquiring a net charge. |
front 5 Why are x-rays potentially dangerous? | back 5 X-rays have the ability to ionize atoms in matter, disrupting its composition, as a result it is capable of disrupting life processes. |
front 6 Sound is a type of which classification of energy? | back 6 Mechanical energy |
front 7 What field of of study uses sound waves to create anatomic images by recording reflected sound waves? | back 7 Diagnostic Medical Sonography |
front 8 Sound waves are a form of what type of radiation? | back 8 Non-ionizing |
front 9 What is the method of imaging the electrical activities of the heart? | back 9 Electrocardiography |
front 10 What is the method of imaging the electrical activities of the brain? | back 10 Electroencephalography |
front 11 What is a thermogram? | back 11 images produced for diagnostic purposes using the body's naturally emitted heat energy, useful for demonstrating conditions such as changes in the body's circulation. |
front 12 What is nuclear energy? | back 12 Energy emitted by the nucleus of an atom. |
front 13 Define Nuclear Medicine Technology. | back 13 Branch of radiology that involves the introduction of radioactive substances into the body for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. |
front 14 Give an example of electromagnetic radiation that has the ability to ionize atoms. | back 14 Gamma Rays |
front 15 What is an X-ray | back 15 Man-made electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when electrons moving only at the speed of light are suddenly stopped. |
front 16 What is another term for x-ray? | back 16 Roentgen rays |
front 17 Who discovered the x-ray and in what year? | back 17 Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen 1895 (November 8th) |
front 18 Define Radiography. | back 18 The making of records of internal structures of the body by passage of x-rays or gamma rays through the body to act on specially sensitized film or an imaging plate system. |
front 19 Give an example of electromagnetic energy used in medicine that is non-ionizing. | back 19 Radio waves |
front 20 Define Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | back 20 The process of using a magnetic field and radio-frequencies to create sectional images of the body. |
front 21 What is the term used for radiation or radiologic sciences that use a non-ionizing form of radiation, such as MRI and diagnostic medical sonography? | back 21 Imaging sciences |
front 22 What term is used by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) to encompass all individual diciplines in the field? | back 22 Radiologic Technology |
front 23 Who is the Greek physician considered the Father of Western Medicine? | back 23 Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BC) |
front 24 What is the Hippocratic Corpus? | back 24 60 medical treatises emphasizing rational and natural explanations for the treatment of disease and reject sorcery and magic. |
front 25 What did Hippocrates emphasize and demonstrate in relation to healing and medicine? | back 25 The importance of careful observation of the patient, the power of of nature to heal over time, and the prevention of disease through a regimen of diet and exercise. |
front 26 What document still in use today governs the ethical conduct of physicians, provides guidelines for physician-patient relationships, the rights of patients to privacy, and the use of treatment for curative purposes only? | back 26 The Hippocratic Oath |
front 27 What physician is considered by many scholars to have laid the foundation of modern medicine? | back 27 William Harvey (1578-1657) |
front 28 Who was the first to demonstrate the function of the heart and the circulation of blood? | back 28 William Harvey (1578-1657) |
front 29 Who described bacteria after isolating the microorganism with a microscope he made? | back 29 Dutch zoologist, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) |
front 30 During which century did the following developments in medicine occur? Surgery becomes an experimental science. Large numbers of reform in the area of mental health. Heart drug digitalis introduced. Small pox vaccine | back 30 18th Century |
front 31 When and by who was a vaccine to prevent small pox introduced? | back 31 1796 by Edward Jenner |
front 32 What discovery served as the foundation for the field of immunology? | back 32 Edward Jenner inoculated an 8 year old by proving cowpox provided an immunity against small pox. |
front 33 In what century was the theory that germs cause disease established? | back 33 19th Century |
front 34 Who worked with bacteria to prove the germ theory of infection which led to the development of pasteurization? | back 34 French chemist, Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) |
front 35 Who established the bacterial cause for many infections, such as anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera; who also received a Nobel Prize for his work in developing tuberculin as a test for tuberculosis? | back 35 Robert Koch (1843-1910) |
front 36 Who developed the foundations for modern nursing? | back 36 Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) |
front 37 During which century did the scientific method develop? | back 37 The 20th Century |
front 38 Who invented the first antibiotics? | back 38 Sir Alexander Fleming (1889-1955) |
front 39 Who claimed to discover the Secret of Life and what was it? | back 39 Francis Crick (1916-2004) and James Watson (b. 1928) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
front 40 When was DNA discovered? | back 40 1953 at Cambridge University in England. |
front 41 Name the significant 13 year international research project devoted to the field of genetics. | back 41 The Human Genome Project (HGP) |
front 42 What two organizations coordinated the HGP? | back 42 U.S. Department of Energy National Institutes of Health |
front 43 What was the very first Radiologic image captured by Rontgen? | back 43 His own skeleton |
front 44 What occurred for Rontgen to be deemed the first radiographer? | back 44 He produced a series of photographs of radiographic images, most notably the image of his wife's hand. |
front 45 What does "X" mean in X-ray? | back 45 Unknown |
front 46 What is the name of the credentialing organization for medical imaging? | back 46 American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) |
front 47 Name the disciplines the ARRT identifies. | back 47 Radiography, nuclear medicine technology, radiation therapy, MRI, cardiovascular-interventional radiography, mammography, computed tomography (CT), quality management, sonography, bone densitometry (BD). |
front 48 Define Radiologic Technologist (RT). | back 48 A general term applied to persons qualified to use x-rays (radiography) or radioactive substances (nuclear medicine) to produce images of the body for interpretation by a radiologist. Or persons qualified to use x-rays or radioactive substances for treatment of disease (radiation therapy). |
front 49 Approximately how many ARRT recognized programs are there in the United States? | back 49 740 |
front 50 What initials does a registered radiographer use after his or her name? | back 50 RT(R)(ARRT) (registered technologist (radiography) |
front 51 What is cardiovascular interventional technology? | back 51 no data |