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32 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

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bio final- test two

front 1

match the numbered terms to the description that follows, choose all that apply

back 1

phototroph

front 2

genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot result from

back 2

meiosis

front 3

photoautotrophs use

back 3

light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

front 4

which of the following statements about species as defined by the biological species concept is (are) correct?

back 4

I and III

biological species are defined by reproductive isolation and the biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is possible

front 5

regarding prokaryotic genetics, which statement is correct

back 5

mutation is a primary source of variation in prokaryotic populations

front 6

theoretically, the production of sterile mules by interbreeding between female horses and male donkeys should

back 6

strengthen postzygotic barriers between horses and donkeys

front 7

rank the following from most general to most specific

back 7

2,4,1,3

reproductive isolating mechanism, prezygotic isolating mechanism, gametic isolation, sperm-egg incompatibility

front 8

what does the biological species concept use as primary criterion for determining species boundaries

back 8

gene flow

front 9

which of the following statements about speciation is correct?

back 9

speciation is a basis for understanding macroevolution

front 10

rocky mountain juniper and one-seeded juniper have overlapping ranges. if pollen grains from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules of the other species, than which of these terms is applicable

back 10

1 and 2, sympatric species and prezygotic isolation

front 11

which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation

back 11

gene flow between the two populations is extensive

front 12

the most likely explanation for the high rate of sympatric speciation that apparently existed among the birds of paradise of new guinea in the past is

back 12

sexual selection

front 13

in a hypothetical situation, a certain species of flea feeds only on pronghorn antelopes. in rangelands of the western united states, pronghorns and cattle often associate with one another. if some fleas develop a strong preference for cattle blood and mate only with other fleas that prefer cattle blood, then over time which of these should occur, if the host mammal can be considered the fleas habitat

back 13

1-4, reproductive isolation, sympatric speciation, habitat isolation, and prezygotic barriers

front 14

speciation can

back 14

involve changes to a single gene

front 15

there is still some controversy among biologists about whether netherlands should be placed within the same species as modern humans or into a separate species of their own. most DNA sequences data analyzed so fat indicate that there was probably little or no gene flow between the netherlands and homo sapiens. which species concept is most applicable in this example

back 15

biological

front 16

beetle pollinators of a particular plant are attracted to its flowers' bright orange color. the beetles may not only pollinate flowers, but they mate while inside of the flowers. a mutant version of the plant with red flowers becomes more common with the passage of time. a particular variant of the beetle prefers the red flowers to the orange flowers. over time, these two beetle variations diverge from each other to such an extent that interbreeding is no longer possible. what kind of speciation has occurred in this example, and what has it driven?

back 16

sympatric speciation; habitat differentiation

front 17

two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. what is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species seperate

back 17

the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability

front 18

the phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a long period of geographic isolation, two populations meet again and

back 18

an increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations

front 19

according to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the "sudden" appearance of a new species is the fossil record means that

back 19

speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time

front 20

males of different species of the fruit fly drosophila that live in the same parts of the hawaiian islands have different courtship rituals. these rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. what type of reproductive isolation does this represent

back 20

behavioral isolation

front 21

a hybrid zone is properly defined as

back 21

an area where mating occurs between members of two closely related species, producing viable offspring

front 22

the largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a

back 22

species

front 23

one explanation for the evolution of insect wings suggest that wings begin as lateral extensions of the body that were used as heat dissipaters for thermoregulation. when they had become sufficiently large, these extensions became useful for gliding through the air, and selection later refined them as flight-producing wings. if the hypothesis is correct, modern insect wings could best be described as

back 23

exaptations

front 24

fossil evidence indicates that several kinds of flightless dinosaurs possessed feathers. if some of these feather bearing dinosaurs incubated clutches of eggs in carefully constructed nests, this might be evidence supporting the claim that

back 24

their feathers originally served as insulation, and only later became flight surfaces

front 25

adaptive radiations can be direct consequences of four of the following five factors. select the exception

back 25

genetic drift

front 26

approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend

back 26

3.5 billion years

front 27

which statement about bacterial cell walls is false

back 27

cell walls prevent cells from dying in hypertonic conditions

front 28

match the numbered terms the description that follows. choose all that apply. an organism that obtains both carbon and energy by ingesting prey

back 28

2 and 4. heterotroph and chemotroph

front 29

what is true of macroevolution

back 29

it is evolution above species level

front 30

rank the following from most general to most specific

back 30

2,4,1,3

reproductive isolation mechanism, prezygotic isolating mechanism, gametic isolation, sperm-egg incompatibility in sea urchins

front 31

dogs and gray wolves can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring. these species shared a common ancestor recently and have a high degree of genetic similarity, although their anatomies vary widely. judging from this evidence, which two species concepts are most likely to place dogs and wolves together in a single species

back 31

biological and phylogenetic

front 32

which one is not an example of a prezygotic barrier

back 32

hybrid breakdown