front 1 What is the asexual process by which a cell divides to form two new cells? | back 1 Binary Fission |
front 2 The proper term for CYTOPLASMIC division is..... | back 2 Cytokinesis |
front 3 Referring to an organism that grows in the presence OR absence of oxygen gas. | back 3 Facultative |
front 4 Referring to an organism that does not require free oxygen. | back 4 Anaerobe |
front 5 A lab test in which a statistical evaluation is used to estimate the number of bacteria in a sample of fluid; often employed in determinations of coliform bacteria in water. | back 5 Most Probably Number (MPN) |
front 6 Each bacterial cell on an agar growth medium that divides to produce a discrete colony. | back 6 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) |
front 7 The time interval between bacterial divisions. | back 7 Generation Time |
front 8 An organic substance that helps stabilize the proteins in a bacterial spore, therefore increasing spore resistance. | back 8 Dipicolinic Acid |
front 9 The cloudiness of a broth culture due to a bacterial growth. | back 9 Turbidity |
front 10 The final portion of a bacterial growth curve in which environmental factors overwhelm the population and induce death; also called death phase. | back 10 Decline Phase |
front 11 The portion of a bacterial growth curve in which the reproductive and death rates of cells are equal. | back 11 Stationary Phase |
front 12 The portion of a bacterial growth curve during which active growth leads to a rapid rise in cell numbers. | back 12 Llogarithmic Phase or Log Phase |
front 13 Referring to a prokaryotic cell requiring low oxygen gas and a high concentration of carbon dioxide gas for metabolism. | back 13 Capnophilic |
front 14 A measure of the viable cells by counting the number of colonies on a plate; each colony presumably started from one viable cell. | back 14 Colony Forming Unit |
front 15 A prokaryote living under extremely high temperature environments. | back 15 Hyperthermophile |
front 16 The initial portion of a bacterial growth curve during which time the cells are preparing for reproduction (binary fission). | back 16 Lag Phase |
front 17 A bacterium not inhibited by oxygen gas. | back 17 Aerotolerant |
front 18 An accumulation or colony of microorganisms of one species. | back 18 Pure Culture |
front 19 A chemically undefined medium in which the nature and quantity of each component has not been identified. | back 19 Complex Medium |
front 20 A growth medium in which special nutrients are added to get a species to grow. | back 20 Enriched Medium |
front 21 A microorganism that grows at acidic pH's below 4. | back 21 Acidophile |
front 22 A procedure to estimate the number of cells in a sample dilution spread on an agar plate. | back 22 Standard plate count |
front 23 A growth medium in which different species of microorganisms can be distinguished visually. | back 23 Differential medium |
front 24 An organism that live in cold temperature ranges from 0-20 Celsius. | back 24 Psychrophiles |
front 25 Referring to microorganisms that grow at 0*C but have a temperature optima of 20*C-40*C. | back 25 Psychrotolarent |
front 26 Estimation of the number of cells by observation with the light microscope. | back 26 Direct microscopic count. |
front 27 An extremely resistant dormant cell produced by some gram positive bacterial species. | back 27 Endospores |
front 28 A process by which a mixed culture can be separated into pure colonies and the colonies isolated. | back 28 Pour plate method |
front 29 Referring to an organism that grows best in an oxygen reduced environment. | back 29 Microaerophile |
front 30 An archaeal organism living in an extreme environments. | back 30 Extremophile |
front 31 A bacterial medium that binds oxygen gas from the atmosphere and creates an environment suitable for anaerobic growth. | back 31 Thioglycollate broth |
front 32 A chemically defined medium in which the nature and quantity of each component is identified. | back 32 Synthetic medium |
front 33 An organism that grows only in the absence of oxygen gas. | back 33 Obligate Anaerobe |
front 34 A polysaccharide derived from marine seaweed that is used as a solidifying agent in many microbiological culture media | back 34 Agar |
front 35 A common bacteriological growth medium consisting of beef extract, peptone, water and agar. | back 35 Nutrient Agar |
front 36 An archaeal organism living in an extremely acidic environment. | back 36 Extreme halophile |
front 37 Referring to prokaryotes that are viable but not culturable. | back 37 VBNC |
front 38 An organism living in environments with high concentrations of salt. | back 38 Halophile |
front 39 A process by which a mixed culture can be streaked onto an agar plate and pure colonies isolated. | back 39 Streak Plate Method |
front 40 A growth medium that contains ingredients to inhibit certain microorganisms while encouraging the growth of others. | back 40 Selective medium |
front 41 A microorganism that lives under conditions of high atmospheric pressure. | back 41 Barophile |
front 42 The second portion of a bacterial growth curve, in which active growth leads to a rapid rise in cell numbers. | back 42 Llogarithmic or Log phase |
front 43 A microbe that grows best without salt but can tolerate low concentrations. | back 43 Halotolerant |
front 44 The process of spore formation. | back 44 Sporulation |
front 45 An organism that does not require or cannot use oxygen gas for metabolism. | back 45 Anaerobe |
front 46 An organism that cannot use oxygen gas for metabolism. | back 46 Obligate anaerobe |
front 47 The time duration for a cell to double in number. | back 47 Generation time |
front 48 A growth medium containing special nutrients used to grow fastidious organisms. | back 48 Enriched medium |
front 49 A differential growth medium that encourages the growth of staphylococci by containing a high percentage of salt, which is inhibitory to most other microorganisms. | back 49 Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) |
front 50 A prokaryote that has an optimal growth temperature above 80*C. | back 50 Hyperthermophile |
front 51 An organism that grows best in an oxygen reduced environment. | back 51 Microanaerobe |
front 52 A microorganism that cannot grow in the presence of added sodium chloride | back 52 Nonhalophile |
front 53 An organism that requires oxygen gas for metabolism. | back 53 Obligate Aerobe |
front 54 An organism that lives in high temperature ranges of 40*C-90*C. | back 54 Thermophile |
front 55 A chemically defined medium in which the components are not known. | back 55 Complex medium |
front 56 The form of reproduction that maintains genetic constancy while increasing cell number. | back 56 Asexual reproduction |
front 57 A bacterium not inhibited by oxygen gas | back 57 Aerotolerant |
front 58 An organism that that grows in temperature ranges of 20*C-40*C. | back 58 Mesophiles |
front 59 The production of ATP in the presence of an inorganic final electron acceptor other than oxygen gas. | back 59 Anaerobic respiration |
front 60 The slowing down or prevention of a metabolic pathway when excess end product binds noncompetitively to an enzyme in the pathway. | back 60 Feedback inhibition |
front 61 A cyclic series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which carbon Acetyl-CoA is released as carbon dioxide; the reactions also yield protons and high-energy electrons that are transported among coenzymes and cytochromes as their energy is released. | back 61 Krebs cycle |
front 62 A biochemical process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy and used in carbohydrate synthesis. | back 62 Photosynthesis |
front 63 A biochemical process in which amino groups are enzymatically removed from amino acids or other organic compound. | back 63 Deamination |
front 64 An anabolic, energy-requiring process. | back 64 Endergonic reaction |
front 65 An organism that uses light energy to synthesize nutrients from carbon compounds other than carbon dioxide. | back 65 Photoheterotroph |
front 66 An organic molecule that forms the nonprotein part of an enzyme molecule | back 66 Coenzyme |
front 67 A metal ion that is needed for enzyme function. | back 67 Cofactor |
front 68 An organism that derives energy from organic chemicals and uses the energy to synthesize carbon compounds other than carbon dioxide. | back 68 Chemoheterotroph |
front 69 The substance(s) in which an enzyme acts. | back 69 Substrate |
front 70 The sum of all biochemical processes taking place in a living cell. | back 70 Metabolism |
front 71 The region of the enzyme where the substrate binds. | back 71 Active site |
front 72 A pigmented molecule that functions in photosynthesis; exists free in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and within the chloroplasts of eukaryotes. | back 72 Chlorophyll |
front 73 The production of ATP using the organic compound Pyruvate as the final electron receptor. | back 73 Fermentation |
front 74 The use of a proton gradient across a membrane to generate cellular energy in the form of ATP. | back 74 Chemiosmosis |
front 75 A six-carbon sugar used as a major energy source for metabolism. | back 75 Glucose |
front 76 A type of heterotrophic organism that feeds on dead organic matter, such as rotting wood or compost. | back 76 Saprobe |
front 77 A pigment located in the membrane systems of purple sulfur bacteria that upon excitement by light, loses electrons and initiates photosynthetic reactions. | back 77 Bacteriochlorophyll |
front 78 The inhibition of enzyme function through the binding of a molecule to a non-active site on the enzyme. | back 78 Noncompetitive Inhibition |
front 79 A chemical process releasing energy | back 79 Exergonic |
front 80 A series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules. | back 80 Glycolysis |
front 81 The gain of electrons by a molecule. | back 81 Reduction |
front 82 A chemical change in which electrons are lost by an atom. | back 82 Oxidation |
front 83 A type of heterotrophic organism that feeds on live organic matter such as another organism. | back 83 Parasite |
front 84 An organism that uses light energy to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide. | back 84 Photoautotroph |
front 85 A form of photosynthesis in which molecular oxygen is produced. | back 85 Oxygenic Photosynthesis |
front 86 A group of pigments that act as a light trapping system for photosynthesis | back 86 Photosystem |
front 87 A substance(s) resulting from a chemical reaction | back 87 Product |